Meds B 60 Sarah Baron, MPH, Ed.D. Sarah.baron@bakersfieldcollege.edu Medical Terminology Meds B 60 Sarah Baron, MPH, Ed.D. Sarah.baron@bakersfieldcollege.edu

For Health Care Professionals Medical Terminology For Health Care Professionals 8th ed. Chapters 1-3

Learning Outcomes Overview of Med Term goals Differences between signs/symptoms, prognosis and diagnosis Understand the method of breaking words apart – decodable and nondecodable Prefix, root, suffix, combining vowels Identify one tool to assist with studying Begin learning a least 10 vocabulary words a day

MEDS B 60 Goals Recognize and identify basic word parts relating to medical terminology. Analyze word parts to define and build medical terms. Discuss the anatomy and function of each body system relating to medical terminology. Identify and define common pathological conditions including signs and symptoms related to medical terminology. Demonstrate proficiency in the spoken and written language of medicine

Learning medical terminology Is imperative if you want to work in the medical field Will help you decipher medical reports and information Will enable you to help your family and friends with health issues

The 5 Medical Language Skills Listening Understanding what language you hear and relaying the information Reading Medical words and medical reports You need to practice reading medical language and thinking about it to become proficient 6

The 5 Medical Language Skills Thinking and Analyzing How does it apply to your patient or situation Need to think about the meaning Learn how and why questions Speaking Learn to say the correct pronunciations Communicate without mistaking your meaning Writing Learn to spell correctly Misspelling could result in mistakes - – such as a wrong procedure done. 7

Introduction to Healthcare Terminology Derivation of Healthcare Terms – mostly from Greek and Latin (page 3) Develop large vocabulary by learning decodable word parts and rules that join them together

Pathology Diagnosis and Prognosis Diagnosis is the disease or condition named after evaluating the patient Acute –begins abruptly and severely and ends after a short time Chronic –develops slowly and lasts a long time Prognosis is the prediction of the probable outcome of the disease Turn to the person next to you and use this in a sentence Turn to the person next to you and use this word in a sentence 9

Pathology Signs and Symptoms Symptoms are subjective indications of disease Pain Signs are objective findings seen or measured Fever Take one minute and think of a few others. Path- disease ology – study Turn the person next to you and try to think of one symptom and one sign 10

Diagnosis and Treatment Diagnostic Procedures - lab tests, x-rays, ultrasounds, CAT scan, MRI, others Therapeutic Interventions – appropriate treatment for condition, surgical, medication Instruments – many terms to describe health care instruments or diagnostic instruments such as: -graph = instrument to record, -meter, instrument to measure Think of words with graph in them right now 11

Nondecodable Terms Cannot be divided into component parts, entire definition must be memorized Asthma (Greek = panting) Definition: Respiratory disorder characterized by recurring episodes of paroxysmal dyspnea (difficulty breathing) Cataract (Greek = waterfall) Definition: Progressive opacification of the lens

Eponyms Named after person who first identified the condition, procedure or devised object. Example: Cesarean Section Alzheimer Disease

Abbreviations Shortened terms to a number of letters for the sake of convenience Examples: CABG – Coronary Artery Bypass Graft CAD - Coronary Artery Disease MI – Myocardial Infarction ABG’s – Arterial Blood Gases CBC – Complete Blood Count Check Appendix III page 811 in the back of your book Many abbreviations are no longer acceptable in healthcare due to confusion and medical mistakes

Decodable Terms Terms that can be broken into parts The fundamental elements in medical terminology are the component parts used to build medical words. The abbreviations used for component parts in this text –page 3 of text for reference P for prefix –before, modifies or alters word R for root- foundation of word CV for combining vowel CF for combining form S for suffix- at end, modifies or alters word (good place to start)

Prefixes Appears at the beginning of the medical term Alter or modify meaning or change meaning (e.g., ab-normal- away from normal) Not all medical terms have one Gives more information about the term Absence – nulli-, an-, a- Location – epi-, peri-, endo- Number or quantity - hyper-, hypo-, poly-, bi-,tri- State – dys-

Word Roots Word Roots Example: Foundation of term Describes what term is about Every term has at least 1, some have 2 or 3 Example: Hepat Hepat(itis) Cardi my Cardiomyo(pathy) Use of dictionary to spell and sound out names Use phones to do the otorhinolaryngology

Suffixes Always at the end of the term Alter or modify the meaning Qualifies the term as a: Disease or Condition – -osis, -itis, -uria, -pathy, -ia,- emia Procedure and Instruments – -plasty, -rrhaphy, -ectomy,-metry, -meter Specialties and specialists - -ist, -logy, -logist

Suffixes – a good place to start All suffixes, when written, are preceded by a hyphen (–) to signify that they are to be linked to the end of a root or combining form. Suffixes are used to denote: Pathological conditions Surgical or diagnostic procedures Conditions, treatments or specialists Size or measurement Noun or adjective

Combining Forms Word roots plus combining vowel Example: Medical Term Cardi/o My/o Hepat/o Medical Term Cardi/o + my/o + pathy = cardiomyopathy Disease of heart muscle Hepat/o + itis + hepatitis Inflammation of liver

Combining Vowels Usually an o, occasionally an i (rarely a, e, u) Used between multiple word roots or word roots and suffixes to join words by making them easier to pronounce Example: Cardiomyopathy (correct) Cardimypathy (incorrect)

Understanding Medical Terminology

Spelling Rules If Suffix Starts With a Vowel, a combining vowel is not needed (arthritis) If Suffix Starts With a Consonant, a combining vowel is needed (cardiology)

Spelling Rules Joining Word Roots A combining vowel is used regardless of whether the word roots start with vowels or consonants osteoarthritis oste/o arthritis cardiomyopathy cardi/o + my/o + pathy

Spelling Rules Sequencing Word Roots Combining forms are joined in logical order or as they are studied Study of ear, nose, throat –otorhinolaryngology Break these words apart above

Pronunciation Pronunciation of Unusual Letter Combinations Medical Dictionary Online Is My BEST FRIEND Eu – (u) - eupnea Ph – (f) - phalanges Pn – (n) - pnemonia Ps – (s) - psychlogy Pt – (t) - ptosis Rh, rrh – (r) - rhinitis X – (z) - xeroderma For kicks pronounce outloud 26

Flashcard Challenge Prefix and Suffix If you don’t have a book, share Will post a flashcard challenge in either study blue or quizlet Quizlet Studyblue Pages, 5, 31, 33, 35, and 47 Activity PPT