Independence and Conflict

Jerusalem

Jaffa, Port Town

European Mandates  After World War I, Syria, Lebanon, and modern Israel and Jordan were placed under the control of powerful nations  Independence would come later  Does this situation lead to favorable conditions for a country?

Zionism and Jewish settlement  European Jews faced Anti-Semitism  Anti-Semitism- Discrimination against Jews  In the 1800s, Jews formed a movement called Zionism  Zionism- aimed to create a Jewish state

Independence  The events of the Holocaust led more Jews to migrate to the Palestine mandate  The mandates gained independence in 1943 (Lebanon) and 1946 (Syria)  Tensions mounted between the Arab majority and Jews over the state of Palestine

 In 1947, the United Nations created a plan to divide Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state  The Arabs rejected the UN plan while the Jews accepted it  Israel declared Independence as a Jewish state in 1948

Arab-Israeli Conflicts  Tensions arose and erupted into violence  Many Arabs fled areas under Israeli control during the Arab-Israeli War of 1948  Israel gained more territory than the UN plan gave  Many Jews fled Arab countries and settled in Israel

Munich Olympics  1972  Eleven Israeli Olympians were taken hostage by Palestinian terrorists  The Palestinians demanded the release of 234 Palestinians being jailed in Israel  The rescue attempt failed and all the hostages were killed  Munich film tells a story of revenge

 In 1967, Syria, Jordan, and Egypt threatened to attack  Israel attacked these territories and took control of the West Bank, the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights (from Syria)  In 1979, the US helped Egypt and Israel reach a peace agreement  Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt

War in Lebanon  Christians were the largest group when Lebanon gained independence  Muslims then became the largest group and demanded more power  In 1975, civil war broke out between Muslims and Christians  Peace came during the 1990s, but tensions still remain today  End…..

Israel and its Neighbors Today  Religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism  All call this region home  There are also differences among the political systems of this region

Different Political Systems   Parliamentary Democracy- a democracy in which parliament chooses the government.   Israel has the Knesset and no written constitution   The Palestinian Authority governs the Gaza Strip and West Bank

Different Political Systems   Monarchy- a nation where supreme power is held by a single person   Autocracy- a government controlled by one person who has not won a free election

Bashar al-Assad (Syria) King Abdullah II (Jordan)

The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict   Both Arabs and Israelis see the same region as their homeland   Both people claim Jerusalem as their capital   Jews have settled in the West Bank and Arabs want to take back land that once belonged to their families

Obstacles to Peace   Jewish settlements in Palestinian territories have angered Arabs   In the 1980s, Palestinians launched the Intifada   Intifada- campaign of violent resistance against Israeli control

A Peace Plan Frustrated   Peace plan was made with the Palestine Liberation Organization (represents Palestinians)   PLO agreed to end attacks on Israel and Israelis agreed to remove settlers from the West Bank and Gaza Strip   However, each side accused the other of violating the plan

  The Palestinians launched a second Intifada in 2000   Israel built security walls around the Gaza Strip and West Bank   The barriers have reduced attacks, but have separated Palestinians from their farmland

Ongoing Conflict and Hopes for Peace   The Hamas, a political party want to eliminate Israel   Hamas fighters took control of the Gaza Strip in 2007 and began shooting rockets into Israel   Israel bombed the Gaza Strip in response   Many civilians were killed

Homework Assignment   Is future conflict unavoidable?   Take a position and in a paragraph (5-7 sentences) support your argument with evidence   Use your notes for evidence   Due This Friday!!!

Examples   Conflict between Israel and Palestine is unavoidable because the conflict has been going on for a long time.   Future conflict between the Israelis and the Arabs can be avoided because both sides can learn from the past.