FMD situation in Egypt Dr: Shams Amin Preventive medicine specialist General organization for veterinary service Ministry of agriculture

Gaps Identified in 2014 roadmap meeting % of achievement Activity Difficult of data flow between central and local level . Lack of accurate census 85% Plan to study Epidemiology of FMD Lack of information related to stakeholders involved in value chain 30% Value chain analysis Lack of I and R system implementation and information related to animals movement pattern within and into Egypt 40% FMD distribution and hypothesis Lack of financial resources to complete the preliminary study Socio-economic impact of FMD Under reporting in some governorates , lack building capacity of the lab concerning sequence results 90 % Circulating strains

Gaps Identified in 2014 roadmap meeting % of achievement Activity Lack of human resources and advanced training especially risk assessment and detailed value chain , lack of communication with stockholder concerning FMD control measures 50% Enabling environment - 90% Commitment to regional approach Lack of specified hot spots 80% Identification of hot spots Lack of financial resources for implementation of control measures based on identified risk hot spots Strategic FMD control plan

FMD outbreaks in 2014-2015 No. of reported village No. of FMD outbreaks year 599 699 2014 398 441 2015

Incidence of villages reported FMD in 2015 & 2014

Geographical distribution of FMD outbreaks in 2015till (October)

Passive surveillance and reporting for FMD in 2014 699 notifications 414 sampled 384 accepted samples 117 positive for FMD 18 Serotype A 2 A/IRAN 61 serotype O 12 O/sudan 1 O/ Panasia2 6 Pan FMD 32 SAT2 267 negative for FMD 30 rejected 285 not sampled

Temporal distribution of FMD serotype in 2014

Geographical distribution of FMD serotype in 2014

Passive surveillance and reporting for FMD in 2015 till (October) 441 notifications 304 sampled 233 accepted samples 88 positive for FMD 18 Serotype A 2 A/IRAN 64 serotype O 12 O/EA3 6 Pan FMD 145 negative for FMD 71 rejected 137 not sampled

Temporal distribution of FMD strains in 2015 (October)

Geographical distribution of FMD serotype in 2015 till (October)

Active surveillance of FMD applied in January 2015 Objective : estimation % of NSP ( unvaccinated animals ) in 4 border governorates from (south and western region) which is considered as high risk governorates for introduction of new strains or sub types of FMD . Detecting of circulating serotypes and subtypes if active clinical cases were found. Methodology : - Collection of serum sample from different species (cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat) in 162 Villages. - Clinical investigation to detect clinically active cases .

Active surveillance of FMD Result : 15%, 9%, 5% and 3% of samples was positive for NSP in Aswan, New Valley, Matrouh and Red Sea respectively , while the overall percentage of positive samples was 10 % . Concerning clinical investigation results : detection of one active case in Aswan governorate which is identified as O / EA 3 . .

Description of FMD control measures in 2014-2015 vaccination (in place): cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats. Trivalent local produced vaccine. coverage % of vaccinated animals Year small ruminant Large ruminant 23% 44% 1st mid year (2014) 43% 2ed mid year (2014) 22% 1st mid year (2015)

Geographical distribution of Vaccination coverage 1st mid year (2014)

Geographical distribution of Vaccination coverage 2nd mid year (2014)

Geographical distribution of Vaccination coverage 1st mid year (2015)

Description of FMD control measures in 2014-2015 Awareness campaigns Extension campaign send key message to owners aimed to increase awareness about : symptoms and economic losses reporting to authorized clinic importantance of vaccination dealing with diseased animals

Description of FMD control measures in 2014-2015 Biosecurity measures We start with create , manufacture and pre test of biosecurity design suits as well as implementation of biosecurity measures concerning professionals to reduce risk of transmission of FMD.

Description of FMD control measures in 2014-2015 Plans related to FMD surveillance and control in the short and long term Short term : - strengthen passive surveillance - improve data flow system Medium term -achievement of vaccination coverage 80% with local produced vaccine - full understanding of animal movement within and into Egypt Long term - move forward on PCP stages to improving animal production.

Description of FMD control plan (RBSP ) Aim : Reduce FMD impact of clinical disease within 5 years component 1: Reduce FMD transmission from high risk markets to small farms & small holders Reduce FMD transmission in winter season within 3 years Establishment of contingency plan in case of new incursion.

Description of FMD control plan (RBSP ) component 2: Improve biosecurity measures concerning professionals Enhancement of the practical capacities of the national laboratories concerning diagnosis of FMD & vaccine quality Establish adequate monitoring and evaluation system component 3: Understanding the risk of the viral introduction at different border and trials to reduce transmission by smuggling animals from borders Full understanding of animal movement and production cross Egypt

international projects that feed directly and indirectly to FMD control Progressive control of FMD in Egypt This project will be implemented in co operation between FAO, US-DOS,EU- FMD with GOVS. Eu-FMD provides an organized infrastructure and expert consulting resources however there is a need to support these currently unfunded activities: Training of in-country trainers (GOVS staff veterinarians) . Strengthening the monitoring, evaluation and surveillance capacity at GOVS and Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI)

international projects that feed directly and indirectly to FMD control Strengthening the diagnostic capacity of the AHRI Audit on vaccine quality at the 3 plants in Egypt (two government owned and one private) Meeting with regional countries to include a regional component into the RBSP (Egypt, Libya, Chad, Kenya, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Lebanon, Jordan)

Needs for support Technical expert for full understanding of animal movement and production within Egypt ( value chain analysis ) Training of in-country trainers (GOVS staff veterinarians) on: Risk analysis Socioeconomic impact Gap analysis. prioritizing importance of FMD control in relation to other animal diseases advanced biostatistics- spatial analysis – study design- disease modeling advanced biosecurity measures

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