Team 8 Wissal, Todd, James, Abe, Mike

Research and Product Development Water bottle manufactures test new materials to see it they make for a suitable replacement for current materials. All new materials must not have any harmful qualities Must stand up to consumer demands: structural integrity, easy to hold/use, good for the environment.

Marketing Consists of meeting the customer’s needs and getting suitable profit in return. 1) Inbound 2) Outbound

INBOUND consist of research to identify: The customer/client and their particular need for the water bottle How the need will be met, how the water bottle must be designed How to access the water bottle: packaging How much customers will pay: pricing Who are the competitors (other water bottle companies) How to design to convince the target market to buy from that water bottle organization instead of competitors The water bottle’s identity (personality): Name and branding

OUTBOUND includes: Advertising and promotions - online advertising: paid placements (Google, Yahoo ), retail portals (froggle, shopping.com), banners, blogs, websites - offline advertising: media (TV, radio, flyers) Sales Public relations- Events, sponsoring Customer service Customer satisfaction

Manufacturing Process Bottled water must be tested and meet regulatory standards before it can be sold in the U.S. Bottled water, like tap water, can come from a ground water source, such as a well or spring, or a surface water source, such as a river or stream. Most bottled water comes from a ground water source. Ground water is typically less vulnerable to contamination than water from surface sources. However, ground water can still contain naturally high amounts of certain contaminants, including radioactive elements, arsenic, and nitrates, or be vulnerable to contamination from human activities, such as industrial waste, faulty septic systems, and underground gas or chemical tanks. Some bottled water comes from surface water sources. This water typically comes from a public water system and receives additional treatment, such as filtration and disinfection, before it is bottled.

Packaging Distillation – water is boiled, and the steam is condensed to remove salts, metals, minerals, asbestos, particles, and some organic materials. Microbes are killed, including Cryptosporidium. Micron Filtration – water is filtered through screens with microscopic holes. The smaller the filter holes, the more contaminants the filter can remove. Good filters can remove most chemical contaminants and microbes. Filter holes are measured in microns. (The period at the end of this sentence is 500 microns.) When considering filter size, look for an absolute (the largest hole), not nominal (the average hole) rating. An absolute one micron filter is needed to remove Cryptosporidium. Ozonation – water is disinfected using ozone, which kills most microbes, depending on dosage applied. Reverse Osmosis – water is forced under pressure to pass through a membrane, leaving contaminants behind. This process removes all microbes, minerals, color, turbidity, organic and inorganic chemicals. Ultraviolet (UV) light – water is passed through UV light, which kills most microbes, depending on dosage applied.

Sales, Distribution, and Transportation Sales, Distribution, and Transportation: Bottles are taken from production center and transported to distribution centers by ship, rail, or heavy truck Bottles are then transported to stores and vending machines by medium- weight trucks Consumers purchase the bottles and take them home The water is consumed and the bottles are thrown out or recycled Facts from US DOE 1. Ship 0.37 MJ per ton per km Rail 0.23 (MJ t–1 km–1) Heavy truck 3.5 (MJ t–1 km–1) Medium truck 6.8 (MJ t–1 km–1)

Consumer Use Expect safe clean water to flow from faucets. FDA protects consumers from polluted bottled water 1 in 15 households use bottled water 700 brands are sold in the United States We spend $2.7 billion per year 75% of bottled water is obtained from protected sources such as springs, artesian wells, and drilled wells 25% municipal water systems

Final Disposition At 1.08 million tons, bottled water packaging discards account for 0.64 percent of the 169 million tons of total U.S. MSW discards in million empty water bottles going to the trash EVERY day Only about 12 percent of "custom" plastic bottles, a category dominated by water, were recycled in – 40 million bottles a day Recycling Rates: 53 percent in 1994 to 19 percent in 2003.

Citations marketing-strategies.jpg marketing-strategies.jpg /4/1/014009/fulltext /4/1/014009/fulltext olver/2010/01/08/the-epet-program-energizing-the- plastic-beverage-bottle-industry/ olver/2010/01/08/the-epet-program-energizing-the- plastic-beverage-bottle-industry/ p?CID=1571&DID= p?CID=1571&DID=5972

Citations Cont. FCIC: Bottled Water Basics – International Bottled Water Assoc. – has-very-small-environmental-footprint-according-new-life-cycle- inven has-very-small-environmental-footprint-according-new-life-cycle- inven Water Bottling Process – process.html process.html