Chapter 4 Section 1

Hyksos New Kingdom Hatshepsut Thutmose III Nubia Rames II Kush Piankhi Meroe

 Hyksos-ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 BC  Hebrews migrate to Egypt  Abraham came to Canaan 1800 BC  1650 BC descendants moved to Egypt

 Expulsion and slavery  1600 BC Queen Ahhotep  Kamose- drove out Hyksos and enslaved the Hebrews  Force into hard labor

 Equipped with bronze weapons and two wheeled chariots became conquerors  Hatshepsut-declared herself pharaoh 1472  Encouraged trade rather than war  Trading with Punt (Somalia) were successful

 Hatshepsut sent out ships in search of myrrh and frankincense  Brought back gold, ivory and unusual plants and animal

 Hatshepsut’s stepson was warlike  Might have murdered Hatshepsut  Invaded Palestine, Syria and Nubia  Egypt was now a mighty empire  Egypt had never before- or has since had so much power

 1400 BC conflict with the Hittites  Hittites moved into Asia Minor in 1900 BC  Ramses II and Hittite king made a truce  This was after several battles

 New Kingdom erected grand buildings  Search for security in the afterlife  Built tombs beneath desert cliffs  Valley of the Kings near Thebes

 Besides royal tombs they build great temples  Ramses stood out as a great builder  Temple of Amon-Rae Egypt’s chief god  Carved out of red sandstone  Abu-Simbel decorated with statues of himself

 Sea Peoples might have included Philistines  Caused great destruction  Libya invaded through the desert  Palestine often rebelled

 Empire breaks apart  Libyan pharaohs ruled Egypt  Adopted the Egyptian way of life  When Nubians came north to seize power they also adopted Egyptian culture

 BC Kush under Egyptian control  Kush as regional power  Nubia established Kushite empire in Egypt

 Below first cataract  Boats had to be carried  North/south trade routes  Ideas and goods flowed  Kerma first Nubian Kingdom 2000 BC

New Kingdom Egyptian rule on Kush Governors, priests, soldiers, artists influenced Napata became center of Egyptian culture Hieroglyphics Guarded Egyptian culture

 Piankhi captures Egyptian throne  751 BC  Egypt’s 25 dynasty  Assyrians conquer Egypt  Kushites would continue after loss of Egypt

 Became the capital  Closer to red sea  Trade with Africa, Arabia, and India  Natural resources  Significant rainfall  Iron ore  Made weapons and tools

 Goods transported to the red sea  Exchanged for jewelry, cotton cloth, silver lamps, glass  Mineral wealth came out  Luxury goods flowed in

 BC declines  Askum started to dominate trade  Askum defeated Meroe 350 AD