Antenna Theory CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS Arizona State University Balanis was born in Greece. His Ph.D. is from Ohio State University, Columbus, in 1969. In 1983 he joined Arizona State University. He is a Fellow of IEEE. Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation (1974-1977) IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (1982- 1984).

Outlines - Antenna I CH01: Antennas Introduction Types of Antennas Radiation Mechanism Current Distribution on a Thin Wire Antenna Historical Advancement CH02: Fundamental Parameters of Antennas Radiation Pattern Radiation Power Density Radiation Intensity Beam width Directivity Numerical Techniques Antenna Efficiency Gain Beam Efficiency Bandwidth Polarization Input Impedance Antenna Radiation Efficiency Antenna Vector Effective Length and Equivalent Areas Maximum Directivity and Maximum Effective Area Friis Transmission Equation and Radar Range Equation Antenna Temperature CH03: Radiation Integrals and Auxiliary Potential Functions Introduction The Vector Potential A for an Electric Current Source J The Vector Potential F for a Magnetic Current Source M Electric and Magnetic Fields for Electric (J) and Magnetic (M) Current Sources Solution of the Inhomogeneous Vector Potential Wave Equation Far-Field Radiation Duality Theorem Reciprocity and Reaction Theorems

Outlines - Antenna I CH05: Loop Antennas CH04: Linear Wire Antennas Introduction Infinitesimal Dipole Small Dipole Region Separation Finite Length Dipole Half-Wavelength Dipole Linear Elements Near or on Infinite Perfect Conductors Ground Effects CH05: Loop Antennas Introduction Small Circular Loop Circular Loop of Constant Current Circular Loop with Non uniform Current Ground and Earth Curvature Effects for Circular Loops Polygonal Loop Antennas Ferrite Loop Mobile Communication Systems Applications CH06: Arrays: Linear, Planar, and Circular Two-Element Array N-Element Linear Array: Uniform Amplitude and Spacing N-Element Linear Array: Directivity Design Procedure N-Element Linear Array: Three-Dimensional Characteristics Rectangular-to-Polar Graphical Solution N-Element Linear Array: Uniform Spacing, Non uniform Amplitude Super directivity Planar Array Circular Array Design Considerations

Outlines - Antenna II CH07: Antenna Synthesis and Continuous Sources Introduction Continuous Sources Schelkunoff Polynomial Method Fourier Transform Method Woodward-Lawson Method Taylor Line-Source (Tschebyscheff-Error) Taylor Line-Source (One-Parameter) Triangular, Cosine, and Cosine-Squared Amplitude Distributions Line-Source Phase Distributions Continuous Aperture Sources CH08: Integral Equations, Moment Method, and Self and Mutual Impedances Introduction Integral Equation Method Finite Diameter Wires Moment Method Solution Self-Impedance Mutual Impedance Between Linear Elements Mutual Coupling in Arrays

Outlines - Antenna II CH09: Broadband Dipoles and Matching Introduction Biconical Antenna Triangular Sheet, Bow-Tie, and Wire Simulation Cylindrical Dipole Folded Dipole Discone and Conical Skirt Monopole Matching Techniques CH10: Traveling Wave and Broadband Antennas Introduction Traveling Wave Antennas Broadband Antennas CH11: Frequency Independent Antennas, Miniaturization, and Fractals Introduction Theory Equiangular Spiral Antennas Log-Periodic Antennas Fundamental Limits of Electrically Small Antennas Fractal Antennas

Outlines - Antenna II CH12: Aperture Antennas CH13: Horn Antennas Introduction Field Equivalence Principle: Huygens’ Principle Radiation Equations Directivity Rectangular Apertures Circular Apertures Design Considerations Babinet’s Principle Fourier Transforms in Aperture Antenna Theory Ground Plane Edge Effects: The Geometrical Theory of Diffraction CH13: Horn Antennas Introduction E-Plane Sectoral Horn H-Plane Sectoral Horn Pyramidal Horn Conical Horn Corrugated Horn Aperture-Matched Horns Multimode Horns Dielectric-Loaded Horns Phase Center CH14: Microstrip Antennas Introduction Rectangular Patch Circular Patch Quality Factor, Bandwidth, and Efficiency Input Impedance Coupling Circular Polarization Arrays and Feed Networks

Outlines - Antenna II CH15: Reflector Antennas Introduction Plane Reflector Corner Reflector Parabolic Reflector Spherical Reflector CH16: Smart Antennas Introduction Smart-Antenna Analogy Cellular Radio Systems Evolution Signal Propagation Smart Antennas’ Benefits Smart Antennas’ Drawbacks Antenna Antenna Beam-forming Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) Smart-Antenna System Design, Simulation, and Results Beam-forming, Diversity Combining, Rayleigh-Fading, and Trellis-Coded Modulation Other Geometries CH17: Antenna Measurements Introduction Antenna Ranges Radiation Patterns Gain Measurements Directivity Measurements Radiation Efficiency Impedance Measurements Current Measurements Polarization Measurements Scale Model Measurements