Our Journey to the Center of the Earth. Could we journey to the center of the Earth? If so, what do you think it would be like? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZkynnGqL7QM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BGmQ21EekY

Actually…. No one has been past the first layer of the Earth. You will learn how not only does the temperature increase, but so does the PRESSURE

Kola Superdeep Borehole

Layers of the Earth

What are the main layers that make up the Earth’s interior? 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Outer Core 4. Inner Core

The Crust The Earth's Crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin in comparison to the other three layers. The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans (oceanic crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (continental crust).

Describe the Crust. It is the layer of the Earth that forms the outer skin. It includes both continental land and the ocean floor.

Oceanic Crust is crust beneath the ocean & is made of… BASALT

http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/2IgneousRocks/IgneousCompositions/3Basalt/BasaltSmallVesicOlPheno.jpg http://www.explorevolcanoes.com/volcanoimages/spreading%20ridge%20Press%20and%20Siever.jpg

Continental Crust is crust that forms above the ocean & is made up of mostly … GRANITE

http://www.earth.ox.ac.uk/~oesis/field/medium/granite1.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.beg.utexas.edu/mainweb/publications/graphics/granite-400.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.beg.utexas.edu/mainweb/publications/graphics/granite.htm&usg=__0de5K-fYX3ZSELLMQs78BEQCxqI=&h=300&w=400&sz=78&hl=en&start=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=KHAn81O-WrYHiM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgranite%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1

Crust 5-40 km thick (3-30 miles) Continental crust is old, relatively less dense, and made of the igneous rock granite

Oceanic crust is young, relatively dense, and made of the igneous rock basalt

Oxygen (colorless gas) Silicon (metalloid) Made of the following eight elements in order of abundance: Oxygen (colorless gas) Silicon (metalloid)

Aluminum (metal) Iron Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium

Describe the Mantle. A layer of hot rock material that is located beneath the crust. Over 82% of Earth’s volume at about 2900 km thick. Is divided into several layers. Upper mantle which is made up of the lithosphere & asthenosphere Lower mantle which is called the mesophere

Lithosphere Upper most part of the mantle About 100 km thick This area is broken into plates that cause the movement felt and seen on the crust through convection currents.

Convection Currents The middle mantle "flows" because of convection currents. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling and sinking again --repeating this cycle over and over.

Convection Currents The next time you heat anything like soup or water in a pan you can watch the convection currents move in the liquid. When the convection currents flow in the asthenosphere they also move the crust. The crust gets a free ride with these currents, like the cork in this illustration. Safety Caution: Don’t get your face too close to the boiling water!

The Lithospheric Plates The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The plates "float" on the soft, semi-rigid asthenosphere.

Asthenosphere Below the lithosphere Part of the mantle A layer of solid rock that behaves like a fluid (it flows and moves like a liquid).

Material is soft rock Responsible for the movement of the lithosphere—layer of soft rock

Mesosphere Below the Asthenosphere 50 – 75 km thick Solid rock

Mantle Temperature and pressure increase with depth 2,900 km deep= 1,800 miles

Elements present are: silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium 8700 C = 2,0000 F!

Outer Core Liquid iron and nickel 2,250 km= 1,400 miles (thickness) 2,2000 C =4,0000 F (temperature)

The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. The outer core is so hot that the metals in it are all in the liquid state. The outer core is composed of the melted metals of nickel and iron.

The Layers of the Earth © Copyright 2006.  M. J. Krech. All rights reserved.

Inner Core Solid iron and nickel 1,200 km= 745 miles 5,0000 C= 9,0400F HOTTER THAN THE SURFACE OF THE SUN!

The Inner Core The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move about like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate in place like a solid.

Draw Me A Picture of the Earth From the Inside to the outside

“Earth’s Structure” Brainpop (click and log in) Credentials: ‘rcps’ for both fields -Watch the Brainpop video and take the 10 question quiz at the end for a class score. Earth’s layers Chart -Use workbook p. 163-164 (Textbook p. 309-311) to list characteristics of each of Earth’s layers Earth’s Layers foldable -Use the ‘Earth’s Layers’ chart to create a foldable; see the model Discovering Plate Tectonics Video Questions -copy questions into notebook; listen for answers in the video Plate Tectonics and Boundaries -skip 4 lines at the top of the page -copy the Plate boundaries chart onto this page.