The Proposed India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) Naba K Mondal Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Indian meet on linear collider Indore, April, 2003

2 Neutrino Physics in India Indian initiative in Neutrino Physics goes back nearly 35 years. Demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of doing neutrino experiment at KGF. International collaboration experiment to detect atmospheric neutrinos started at KGF in Detection of atmospheric neutrino in 1965 KGF data during the proton decay era was used to look for ultra high energy neutrino sources in the sky. Bounds on neutrino masses using cosmological data. Estimation of atmospheric neutrino flux.

3 Open Questions in Neutrino Physics Conclusively show that oscillations are responsible for observed flux deficits by demonstrating an L/E dependence of event rates. Determine the mass heierarchy of neutrinos. Measurement of  . Is the CP violation in leptonic sector ?

4 Measurement of disappearance The disappearance probability can be measured with a single detector and two equal sources: = P(    ; L/E) N up (L/E) N down (L ’ /E) L’L’ L   = 1 - sin 2 (2  ) sin 2 (1.27  m 2 L/E) L

5 INO Detector Concept INO IRON CALORIMETER

6 Glass Spark Chamber It is an RPC with electrodes made of standard float glass instead of Bakelite with a completely different design approach developed at LNGS. End caps by injection molding Noryl Envelope Thermoplastic soldering for gas sealing Spacers by injection molding (2 mm) Float Glass Resistive film Easy and fast and cheap construction Ready for mass production. Gas Mixture : Argon/Freon/C 4 H 10 = 48/48/4

7 Physics Capabilities of INO Work in Progress on INO Physics capabilities

8 Possible INO sites PUSHEP (Pykara Ultimate Stage Hydro Electric Project) RAMMAM Hydro Electric Project Site

9 Location of Rammam

10 Other Physics potential Cosmic ray studies using multiple muon + airshower on surface Search for magnetic monopoles Search for WIMPs Additional studies on Kolar Events, Double core events, anomalous cascades Neutrinos from factories

11 Long Baseline Physics Reach after one year for Sin  for PUSHEP and for RAMMAM

12 Long Baseline Physics Sing of  m 2 32

13 Long Baseline Physics