Wednesday, 2/23/11 Pick-up a small sheet with quotes on it. For each quote, identify who might have said it and why they might have said such a thing.

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Essential Question ► What was the impact of southern Reconstruction?

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Wednesday, 2/23/11 Pick-up a small sheet with quotes on it. For each quote, identify who might have said it and why they might have said such a thing.

Review: Freedmen’s Life During Reconstruction

Review: Slave Letter by Jourdan Anderson, “Letter to a Former Master”

Slave Narrative: Fountain Hughes

Three Questions About Fountain Hughes What freedoms did he experience? What limitations did he experience? How do you think the three different social groups will react politically, economically, and socially to Reconstruction?

Freedom! The Joys Move/Travel Freely Founded Schools Establish Religion Marry Legally Own Land

Freedom! The Limitations/Needs Housing Food Clothing Jobs... What can they do?

Sharecropping A landowner allows person to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land (50% split), but... Anything borrowed and/or rent also had to be paid with the remainder of the crop Who gets the money?

Tenant Farming Only slightly better…these farmers have purchased their own equipment and only rent the land. Economic Limitation for Freedmen

Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) Agency (of the Federal Gov’t) developed to help former slaves Provided food, schools, legal help, etc.

Students standing outside a freedmen’s school known as James’ Plantation School (North Carolina)

Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) Agency (of the Federal Gov’t) developed to help former slaves Provided food, schools, legal help, etc. Unpopular with many White Southerners

Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes Plenty to eat and nothing to do.

Imagine you are a White Southerner... Wouldn’t you be angry that the Freedmen are getting all this help? What might you do? You might become defiant! You might feel that you have lost power!

As a Result, the Freedmen’s Bureau... Could not overcome Southern hostility, Lacked political support of both the North and South, and Ended in 1872

Limits to Freedmen’s Rights Disfranchisement or disenfranchisement Black Codes/Jim Crow Laws Hate Groups

Disfranchisement or Disenfranchisement To prevent from voting (14 th /15 th Amendments were to prevent this) Used various methods that included 1. poll taxes (to be paid when vote) 2. literacy tests 3. threats

Sometimes the threat is deadly.

Black Codes/Jim Crow Laws Limits rights and opportunities Limits jobs to only farm work and unskilled labor Set curfews Set punishments for vagrancy (not working)

READINGS Black Code Sample and Jim Crow Readings (including the DE Jim Crow laws)

Rise of KKK – violent response to Radical Reconstruction

Ku Klux Klan Started in 1866 by 6 former Confederate soldiers Members wore robes and masks to look like the ghosts of dead Confederate soldiers who returned for revenge against enemies of the South.

Nathan Bedford Forrest First National Leader of the KKK and Former Confederate Leader

Their Goal: deny African-Americans their rights and keep them in the role of submissive laborers. It also included other groups such as the White League

A cartoon threatening that the KKK would lynch carpetbaggers, Tuscaloosa, AL, Independent Monitor (1868)

Carpetbaggers Northern Republicans who moved South to work in gov’t or make money.

Scalawags – also in danger White Southerner’s who joined the Republican Party (the party of the North) during Reconstruction.

KKK Rally in Delmar, DE (1920)

Ku Klux Klan Gathering in Newark, DE (1965) Photo: Delaware Historical Society