1 INFORMS - Boca Design Strategies for Opaque and All-Optical DWDM Networks By Giray Birkan (SMU) Eli Olinick (SMU) Augustyn Ortynski (Nortel) Gheorghe Spiride (Nortel) Jeff Kennington (SMU)

2 New Ideas 1.Considers Polarization Mode Dispersion 2.Considers Uneven Hut Spacing 3.Considers a Cost Function With Detailed Equipment Types (amplifiers, regenerators, multiplexers etc.) 4.Considers 1+1 Protection 5.Considers 1+N Protection 6.Considers Moving Regenerators To Nodes

3 AL SA DE DA SO EP HO SL JA NO RA PH LA LV SF OM KA CH CL IN ME NA AT TA WA BO NYPL Assume The Fiber Exist And Determine The Equipment Needed To Light It

4 A Legend Denotes an amplifier Denotes a regenerator A TE MUXMUX OXC AAA TE OXC DMUXDMUX AAA DMUXDMUX MUXMUX (ג 1 - ג 20 ) ג1ג1 ג 20 hut 1hut 2 hut 3 hut 4 Origin NodeDestination Node A Simple Link With Amplification and Regeneration for 20 Wavelengths (ג 1 - ג 20 )

5 Optical Reach = 150 km Max Spans = 4 Link Budget Max Spans Link Budget Max Spans Link Budget Max Spans Amplify in at most 150, Regen after at most 3 Amps

6 A Origin Node Destination Node AAA 150km segment A Link Architecture that Satisfies the Rule for a Link Budget of 150 km. segment span link

7 (DPMD 1 ) 2 (d 1 ) + (DPMD 2 ) 2 (d 2 ) + (DPMD 3 ) 2 (d 3 ) < K Origin Node O/E/O conversion Destination Node O/E/O conversion d 1 km segment Intermediate node 1 no O/E/O conversion d 2 kmd 3 km Intermediate node 2 no O/E/O conversion fiber type 1fiber type 2fiber type 3 DPMD 1 DPMD 2 DPMD 3 Polarization Mode Dispersion (DPMD 2) (dist) < K

8 Amplification Requirements using a Link Budget of 120 Origin Node O/E/O conversion Destination Node O/E/O conversion 62 km64 km Amplification Glassthrough 55 km73 km 119 km span Link and segment hut 1hut 2hut 3 Unequal Hut Spacing

9 The DWDM Design Problem Given the network topology with known hut locations, the point-to-point demands with known routings, and DPMD values associated with each span, determine the choice of an optimum link budget for each link and least cost equipment configuration to satisfy the point-to-point demands and polarization mode dispersion restrictions. Extensions involve protection and network availability.

10 The Two Design Strategies Opaque Design – O/E/O Conversion At Every Node All Optical Design – O/E/O Conversion Only When Required {Link Budget and or PMD Determines O/E/O Conversion}

11 Origin Node With Amplification hut 0 Destination Node With Amplification hut n+1 { d 1 }{ d n }{ d 2 } hut nhut 2hut 1 { 0 }{ d n+1 } Sink { -∑ i d i } {demand} {supply} yoyo y1y1 y2y2 ynyn y n+1 Hut Selection Network Model x0x0 x1x1 x2x2 x3x3

12 Opaque Design – Decomposes On Links For each Link Budget, solve the IP to determine the huts where equipment will be located. Then determine the equipment configuration that must be placed in the huts. Calculate the link cost and save the best. This requires solving (24)(|E|) small IPs – no big problem.

13 All-Optical Design Using the same huts, determine equipment for each o-d pair. That is, go as far as possible before regeneration. Then determine the equipment cost.

14 Node hut 1hut 2hut 13hut 14hut 15 hut 29 hut 28 hut 27 hut 26 hut 4hut 5hut 6hut 7 hut 9 hut 10 hut 11 hut 17hut 18 hut 20 hut 21 hut 22 hut 23 hut 24 distance Example Network

15 Equipment Cost EquipmentWavelengthsCost/Unit TE175 R1130 A1 – A21 – A41 – MUX/DMUX1 – MUX/DMUX21 – MUX/DMUX41 – 80240

16 Demands For Example DemandDemandWavelengthsRouting Pair (o,d)In λs (1,5) (1,6) (6,3) (2,5) (2,3)

Demand Routings

TEs Node TEs Node 3 95 TEs Node 2 70 TEs Node TEs Node TEs Node 5 70 λ s 25 λ s30 λ s 55 λ s 145 λ s100 λ s 40 λ s The Opaque Network Design (930TEs, 37As, 18 MUX/DMUX, Total Cost = 79,920)

19 A A A 80 TE Local Ports A A A A Local Ports A A TE Node 1Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 TE OXC 80 TE OXC TE A OXC Opaque Network Design for Nodes A A A TE OXC

20 AL SA DE DA SO EP HO SL JA NO RA PH LA LV SF OM KA CH CL IN ME NA AT TA WA BO NYPL Figure 14. US Test Network

21 Test Problems NumberSeedDemand Ave Total Pairs # Hops Demand

22 Empirical Analysis Prob Time Opaque All-Optical In CPLEXCostTimeTime Cost Reduction 122 sec2.96M 279 sec4 sec32% M % M % M % M % M % M % 2023 sec7.05M 380 sec9 sec32%

23 North American Network 16% Cost Savings

Working and Protection Routings For 1+1 Dedicated Protection Not used Working Protection Unavailability 73 Min/Year Cost $43,120

Working and Protection Routings For 1+2 Dedicated Protection Not used Working Protection #1 Protection #2 Unavailability 9.2 Min/Year Cost $ 65,720

Working and Protection Routings For 1+3 Dedicated Protection Not used Working Protection #1 Protection #2 Protection #3 (Leased) Unavailability 8.3 Min/Year Owned $65,720 + Leased $14,663= Total $80,383

Working and Protection Routings For 1+4 Dedicated Protection Not used Working Protection #1 Protection #2 Protection #3 (Leased) Protection #4 (Leased) Unavailability 8.3 Min/Year Owned $65,720 + Leased $31,925 = Total $97,645