Series & Parallel Circuits

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Circuits & Circuit Diagrams

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Series and Parallel Circuits

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Presentation transcript:

Series & Parallel Circuits Important: difference between Series & Parallel Make sure you have correct units Voltage (V) = Volts, V Current (I) = Amps, A Resistance (R) = Ohms, Ω Power (P) = Watts, W

Series & Parallel Series Circuits Parallel Circuits Only ONE path Same current flows through each component Voltage drops across each resistor Voltage adds up around loop: (Vtotal = IR1+IR2+IR3) Resistors add: (REQ=R1+R2+R3) Vtotal = I REQ MANY paths Same Voltage across each path Currents add up around circuit: Itotal= I1 + I2 + I3 Itotal = V/R1 + V/R2 + V/R3 Resistors add inversely: 1/REQ = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 If 2 resistors, use: REQ = (R1)(R2) / (R1+R2) Itotal = V / REQ

Series Circuit Two resistors ADD in a series circuit Rtotal = 4Ω + 8Ω = 12 Ω Current is SAME everywhere I = V / Rtotal = 6V / 12 Ω =0.5Amps (everywhere) Voltage in each resistor = IR For R1: V = (0.5A)(4 Ω) = 2 V For R2: V = (0.5A)(8 Ω) = 4 V Power = V*I = (6V)(0.5A)= 3Watts

Parallel Circuit Two resistors/lamps ADD INVERSELY in a parallel circuit 1/Rtotal = (1/10Ω) + (1/5Ω) = 3/10 Ω → Rtotal = 10/3 Ω Voltage is SAME across each path Itotal = V / Rtotal = 12V/ (10/3Ω) = 3.6 Amps (total through battery) Current, each lamp = V/Rlamp For R1: I = (12V)/(10 Ω) =1.2A For R2: I = (12V)/(5 Ω) = 2.4 A

Parallel Circuit For R1: I = (12V)/(10 Ω) =1.2A Power = V*I = (12V)(3.6A)= 43.2 Watts (total) Power, each lamp: Plamp=VIlamp Lamp 1 (or R1): P1= (12V) (1.2A)= 14.4 Watts Lamp 2 (or R2): P2= (12V) (2.4A)= 28.8 Watts Brightness = power Add in parallel, each lamp stays the same brightness Add 5 Ω in series, total resistance goes up or down? When resistance goes up, current goes down, and bulbs get dimmer. Parallel Circuit

Ohm’s Law & Power V=IR Use to calculate voltage, current, or resistance in circuits. Power, P = VI = V2/R = I2R Use to calculate power (energy used per unit time)