Shakespeare: His Life and Times Adapted from

Early Life Born 1564—died 1616 Stratford-upon-Avon Parents: John and Mary Arden Shakespeare Mary—daughter of wealthy landowner John—glovemaker, local politician

From: Location of Stratford-upon- Avon

As reproduced in William Rolfe, Shakespeare the Boy (1896). Stratford-on-Avon in Shakespeare’s Time

From Stratford’s web site: Stratford-upon-Avon Today

From: Shakespeare’s Birthplace

Probably attended King’s New School in Stratford Educated in: Rhetoric Logic History Latin Education

From: King’s New School

Married in 1582 to Anne Hathaway, who was pregnant at the time with their first daughter Had twins in 1585 Sometime between , he moved to London and began working in theatre. Married Life

From: Anne Hathaway’s Cottage

Member and later part-owner of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, later called the King’s Men Globe Theater built in 1599 by L.C.M. with Shakespeare as primary investor Burned down in 1613 during one of Shakespeare’s plays Theatre Career

The Rebuilt Globe Theater, London

The Globe Theater The Globe Theater

The Plays 38 plays firmly attributed to Shakespeare 14 comedies 10 histories 10 tragedies 4 romances Possibly wrote three others Collaborated on several others

154 Sonnets Numerous other poems The Poetry

Shakespeare’s Language Shakespeare did NOT write in “Old English.” Old English is the language of Beowulf:Old English Hwaet! We Gardena in geardagum Þeodcyninga Þrym gefrunon Hu ða æÞelingas ellen fremedon! (Hey! We have heard of the glory of the Spear- Danes in the old days, the kings of tribes, how noble princes showed great courage!)

Shakespeare’s Language Shakespeare did not write in “Middle English.” Middle English is the language of Chaucer, the Gawain-poet, and Malory:Middle English We redeth oft and findeth y-write— And this clerkes wele it wite— Layes that ben in harping Ben y-founde of ferli thing… (Sir Orfeo)

Shakespeare’s Language Shakespeare wrote in “Early Modern English.”Early Modern English.” EME was not very different from “Modern English,”

Shakespeare’s Language A mix of old and very new Rural and urban words/images Understandable by the lowest peasant and the highest noble

Elizabethan Theatrical Conventions

A theatrical convention is a suspension of reality.  No electricity  Women forbidden to act on stage  Minimal, contemporary costumes  Minimal scenery These control the dialogue.

Audience loves to be scared.  Soliloquy  Aside Types of speech  Blood  Use of supernatural

Let`s play Shakespeare Antony and Cleopatra Coriolanus Hamlet Julius Caesar King Lear Macbeth Othello Romeo and Juliet Timon of Athens Titus AndronicusAntony and Cleopatra Coriolanus Hamlet Julius Caesar King Lear Macbeth Othello Romeo and Juliet Timon of Athens Titus Andronicus

 Use of disguises/ mistaken identity  Multiple marriages (in comedies)  Multiple murders (in tragedies)  Last speaker—highest in rank (in tragedies)

“All the world 's a stage, And all the men and women merely players.” So….. Let’s dramatize Shakespeare!!!

Dramatic Vocabulary

Let’s Review some terms we already know! 1.The line “What light through yonder window breaks? It is the East, and Juliet is the sun.” BEST illustrates what type of figurative language? A.Hyperbole B.Metaphor C.Simile D.Personification

2.The line “Rise fair sun and kill the jealous moon, who is sick and pale with grief.” BEST illustrates what type of figurative language? A.Hyperbole B.Metaphor C.Simile D.Personification

Dramatic Literature Terms Dramatic Literature: Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action“. Act: a main division of a play, ballet, or opera. Scene: a sequence of continuous action in a play, movie, opera, or book.

Verbal Irony Verbal irony occurs when speakers say the opposite of what they mean. For example, a man may say loudly to a manifestly unattractive woman, “You are more than beautiful!”

Dramatic irony is a situation in which the audience knows more than the character onstage. A character does or says something of greater importance than he or she knows. The audience, however, is aware of the meaning and importance of the act or speech.

What are some examples we can think of? Texts--Romeo and Juliet: the other characters in the cast think Juliet is dead, but the audience knows she only took a sleeping potion. Music/Audio: The sound effects in horror movies: Jaws, Halloween, Friday the 13 th, “Renee” by Lost Boyz Visual Images: Take a look at the next slides…

Situational Irony "Situational irony, sometimes called irony of events, is most broadly defined as a situation where the outcome is incongruous with what was expected, but it is also more generally understood as a situation that includes contradictions or sharp contrasts.... An example would be a man who takes a step aside in order to avoid getting sprinkled by a wet dog, and falls into a swimming pool” (Lars Elleström, Divine Madness. Bucknell Univ. Press, 2002).

Situational Irony Examples Alanis Morissette “Ironic” Isn’t it Ironic, now it is:

Saved by the Bell examples

Soliloquy A soliloquy is a device often used in drama whereby a character relates his or her thoughts and feelings to him/herself and to the audience without addressing any of the other characters Romeo’s Soliloquy-Act 2 Scene 2: He jests at scars that never felt a wound. But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon, Who is already sick and pale with grief, That thou her maid art far more fair than she: Be not her maid, since she is envious; Her vestal livery is but sick and green And none but fools do wear it; cast it off. It is my lady, O, it is my love!

Soliloquy

Another Soliloquy Example

Aside An aside is a dramatic device in which a character speaks to the audience. By convention the audience is to realize that the character's speech is unheard by the other characters on stage. It may be addressed to the audience expressly (in character or out) or represent an unspoken thought.

An example of an Aside

Monologues is a speech presented by a single character, most often to express their thoughts aloud, though sometimes also to directly address another character or the audience.

The Monologue Song

Let’s Review Figurative Language 3.Which of the following is not a characteristic of a soliloquy? A.It is heard by the audience B.It is heard by another character C.The character relates a thought or feeling D.It is not heard by another character