Femtoscopy of identified particles at STAR Neha Shah for the STAR Collaboration University of California Los Angeles Quark Matter - Washington, D.C. -

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Femtoscopy of identified particles at STAR Neha Shah for the STAR Collaboration University of California Los Angeles Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR1

Outline Systematic baryon probes (√s NN = GeV) p-p femtoscopy and homogeneity length for deuteron p-  femtoscopy Spatial correlations – coalescence connection p-n-  (coalescence into hypertriton )  -  correlations Latest results on Azimuthal HBT  -K correlations Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR2

Femtoscopy 101 Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR3 The goal: probe the geometrical (sub)structure of the emitting source at the femtometer scale The procedure: measure 2-particle correlations in relative momentum (q) The connection: - Koonin-Pratt equation The result: separation distribution often characterized by homogeneity or “HBT” radius usually depends on (flow)

Probing Baryon Geometry via Correlations Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR4 [1] Phys.Part.Nucl.Lett. 8 (2011) 931 [2] Phys. Rev. C 74 (2006) [3] Poster 155 – N. Shah [4] Poster 308 – W. Llope [5] Talk in Parallel 5A - Yuhui Zhu Coalescence Femtoscopy Baryon sector:

(Anti)Proton-(Anti)Proton Femtoscopy – 200 GeV Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR5 Complex correlation structure Strong & Coulomb (well-understood) Fermi statistics / annihilation Corrected for purity and correlated feed-down (“residual correlations”) from p-Λ Reasonable fit (Gaussian source) and centrality dependence STAR Preliminary 0-10% 10-30% 30-80% Eur. Phys. J.C 49 (2007) 75

Proton Femtoscopy in BES program: Quark Matter - Washington, D.C. - August Neha Shah - STAR6 Reasonable systematics: Source size increases with  s NN Source size increases for more central collisions Fit: R = 4.15  0.43 fm (0-10%) R = 3.63  0.21 fm (10-30%) R = 2.74  0.32 fm (30-80%) Fit: R = 4.51  0.23 fm (0-10%) R = 3.62  0.11 fm (10-30%) R = 2.91  0.13 fm (30-80%) Fit: R = 4.68  0.16 fm (0-10%) R = 4.15  0.27 fm (10-30%) R = 3.45  0.34 fm (30-80%) Phys.Part.Nucl.Lett. 8 (2011) 931

Nucleon-Nucleon Femtoscopy, continued Quark Matter - Washington, D.C. - August Neha Shah - STAR7 Two-nucleon iso-triplet (e.g. p-p) state attractive, but unbound Iso-singlet system has bound state: deuteron increased population at q~20 MeV/c relative to combinatorics (product of singles distributions) enhancement ~ 1/size enhancement of deuteron yield relative to product of singles distributions enhancement ~ 1/size

Homogeneity length through coalescence Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR8 (anti)deuteron Gaussian width: δ ~ 2.8 fm STAR P RELIMINARY Centrality (%) R G (fm) (cross-sections evaluated at same particle velocity) spatial length scales drive composite yields Poster – W. Llope (308)

Nucleon-Hyperon Correlation Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR9 Proton-  source size is smaller than p-p Spatial Strangeness-Baryon correlations are stronger than Baryon-Baryon correlations p-p 4.5  0.3 Phys. Rev. C 74 (2006) 64906

Nucleon-Nucleon Correlation and Baryon Coalescence Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR10 Nucleon-Nucleon correlations & homogeneity length for deuteron: spatial length scales drive composite yields (Coalescence) Proton-  correlations : Spatial Strangeness- Baryon correlations are stronger than Baryon- Baryon correlations Talk - Y. Zhu (5A ) Expect enhanced hyper nucleus production

Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR11  -  Correlation Function  Type of ΛΛ interaction:  Meson exchange models: Nijmegen model D, F, Soft Core (89, 97)  Quark cluster model interaction: fss2  Phenomenological model: Ehime   interaction  Attractive  Inclusive  correlations: Feed down contributions included in theoretical models. Poster – N. Shah (155) STAR preliminary

Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR12  Scattering length (a 0 ) is negative in most fits  Current fit from different potential models to data gives indication towards non-existence of bound H-dibaryon  -  Correlation Function A. Ohnishi, HHI workshop proceedings 2012 Uncertainties not included

Time evolution of the collision geometry Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR 13 Spatial eccentricity With 1 st order P.T. Without 1 st Order P.T. Target Projectile Kolb and Heinz, 2003, nucl-th/  Initial out-of-plane eccentricity  Stronger in-plane pressure gradients drive preferential in-plane expansion  Longer lifetimes or stronger pressure gradients cause more expansion and more spherical freeze- out shape  We want to measure the eccentricity at freeze out, ε F, as a function of energy using azimuthal HBT:  Non-monotonic behavior could indicate a soft point in the equation of state.

Azimuthal HBT Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR14 Is there a non-monotonic behavior?  s NN (GeV) J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 38 (2011)  Evolution of the initial shape depends on the pressure anisotropy - Freeze-out eccentricity sensitive to the 1 st order phase transition.

Complete Energy Scan Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR15 Is the discrepancy due to centrality or rapidity range? - NO -1.0<y< <y< <y<1.0

 -K Correlations Quark Matter - Washington, D.C. - August Neha Shah - STAR16 Separation distribution in pair c.m. R d  r = r K -r π S(Δr)  Probes size of emitting source as well as emission asymmetries between particles of different masses  Flow induces a mass ordering to average emission position  Heavy particles preferentially emitted from the edge of the source   offset, points in direction of motion   -K correlations  unique information on offset Poster – Y. Yang (305)

Quark Matter - Washington, D.C. - August Neha Shah - STAR17  -K Correlations  Source asymmetry signal in Au+Au collisions at  s NN = 200 GeV  Offset is roughly half of the source size  Flow strongly affects geometric substructure  Consistent with measurements from Au+Au at  s NN = 130 GeV Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) Poster – Y. Yang (305) STAR Preliminary

Summary Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR18 Proton femtoscopy  BES measurements shows source size increases with  s NN and for more central collisions  Measurement of homogeneity length for deuteron through coalescence agrees well with the proton femtoscopy measurements Systematic of nucleon-hyperon femtoscopy suggests strong baryon-strangeness correlations as compared to baryon-baryon correlations  -  correlation  Attractive  interaction  Current fit from different potential models to data gives indication towards non-existence of bound H-dibaryon Azimuthal HBT  A monotonic decrease in the freeze-out eccentricity with increasing collision energy from 7.7 – 200 GeV  -K correlation   -K emission asymmetry observed in Au+Au collisions at  s NN = 200 GeV

Backup Quark Matter - Washington, D.C August Neha Shah - STAR19

Quark Matter Annecy, France 20Christopher Anson Event plane resolution and finite angular bins Oscillations reduced by ● reaction plane resolution ● and finite angular bins 135 o Reaction Plane resolution vs. Centrality STAR preliminary R 2 out actually 0o0o 45 o 90 o