T4-1 Soil Science and Management, 4E Chapter 4 Physical Properties of Soil

T4-2 Soil Science and Management, 4E Objectives Describe the concept of soil texture and its importance Identify the texture of a sample soil Describe soil permeability and related properties Describe structure and its formation and importance Explain other physical properties Discuss soil compaction and tilth

T4-3 Soil Science and Management, 4E Terms to Know Aeration pores Biopore Blocky structure Bulk density Caliche Clay Claypan Clods Compaction Cone penetrometer Duripan Fragipan Friable Gleying Granular structure Hydraulic conductivity Infiltration Loam Macropores Massive soil Mechanical analysis Micropores Mottling (continued)

T4-4 Soil Science and Management, 4E Terms to Know Munsell system Oven-dry soil Pan Particle density Peds Percolation Permeability Physical properties Platy structure Plinthite Prismatic structure Puddling Redoxymorhpic feature Sand Silt Single-grain soil Soil aggregates Soil consistence Soil separates Soil strength Soil texture Soil triangle Subsoiling Tilth Total pore space

T4-5 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Texture Effect of particle size Figure 4-1

T4-6 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Texture Internal surface area Soil pores Figure 4-2

T4-7 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Texture Soil separates Figure 4-3

T4-8 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Texture Figure 4-4

T4-9 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Texture Figure 4-6

T4-10 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Texture Textural classification Determining soil texture Figure 4-7

T4-11 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Texture Characteristics of textural classes Modifying soil texture Figure 4-8

T4-12 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Density and Permeability Particle density Figure 4-10

T4-13 Soil Science and Management, 4E Bulk density Soil porosity Figure 4-11 Soil Density and Permeability

T4-14 Soil Science and Management, 4E Permeability Figure 4-12 Soil Density and Permeability

T4-15 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Structure Structureless soil Figure 4-14

T4-16 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Structure Types of soil structure Formation of soil structure

T4-17 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Consistence Wet soil Moist soil Dry soil Figure 4-15

T4-18 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Tilth Compaction Aggregate destruction Puddling and clods Surface crusts Improving tilth Soil channels

T4-19 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Pans A layer of hardened soil – Claypans – Fragipans – Plinthite – Caliche and duripans

T4-20 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Temperature Managing soil temperature

T4-21 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Color Color as a guide to soil use – Dark brown to black – White to light gray – Light brown, yellow to red – Bluish-gray – Mottled colors Describing soil color

T4-22 Soil Science and Management, 4E Soil Color Determined by Drainage Class Figure 4-20

T4-23 Soil Science and Management, 4E Summary Physical Properties of Soil –Texture –Density and Permeability –Structure –Consistence –Tilth & Compaction –Pans –Temperature –Color