DNA Discovery James Watson & Francis Crick Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins Important discovery

What is DNA? Definition DNA & chromosomes Cell nucleus Genetic information Proteins

DNA Structure Double helix 1. Twisted ladder 2. Compact Sides of ladder 1. Sugars and phosphates 2. No inheritance function

DNA Structure (cont.) Rungs of ladder 1. Two nitrogen bases 2. Adenine, thymine, guanine cytosine 3. Base pairs 4. Pattern of base pairs

DNA Replication DNA unzips Nucleotide 1. Sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base 2. Cell nucleus Nucleotides/unzipped strands Sugar & phosphates

Protein Synthesis Base sequence 1. Definition ,000 bases long 3. Forms a code 4. Examples (condensed) AGTTC = human muscle protein CGAGTTCG = human skin protein TAGGCT = earthworm protein CCAGATCGA = bacteria protein

agaagaggcc atcaagcaga tcactgtcct tctgccatgg ccctgtggat gcgcctcctg cccctgctgg cgctgctggc cctctgggga cctgacccag ccgcagcctt tgtgaaccaa cacctgtgcg gctcacacct ggtggaagct ctctacctag tgtgcgggga acgaggcttc ttctacacac ccaagacccg ccgggaggca gaggacctgc aggtggggca ggtggagctg ggcgggggcc ctggtgcagg cagcctgcag cccttggccc tggaggggtc cctgcagaag cgtggcattg tggaacaatg ctgtaccagc atctgctccc tctaccagct ggagaactac tgcaactaga cgcagcccgc aggcagcccc ccacccgccg cctcctgcac cgagagagat ggaataaagc ccttgaacc HUMAN INSULIN

Protein Synthesis (cont.) Problem 1. DNA in nucleus 2. Proteins built in cytoplasm RNA – ribonucleic acid 1. Ribose sugar 2. One side of ladder 3. Uracil not thymine

Protein Synthesis (cont.) Building a protein 1. DNA unzips 2. RNA reads code 3. RNA brings code to cytoplasm 4. Protein built on ribosome