Regional Trade Blocs 133 Prathmesh Thale 135 Sumeet Hooja 136 Jossy Thomas 137 Jamshid Roointon 139 Jomy Joseph 140 Rupali Badadare AICAR B-School

The Scope of the Presentation The beginning of International Trade Multilaterism and Free Trade The WTO – Champion of Multilaterism Regional Trading Trends and Structures The European Union The North American Free Trade Agreement The Andean Community Conclusion

Trade post World War II Globalisation Exponential Growth Falling Trade Barriers Increased Investment Foundations of Multilaterism

Multilateralism & Free Trade Meaning of Free Trade Principle of Comparative advantage Benefits of Free Trade Ill effects of Protection

The World Trade Organisation What is the WTO Its Goals ITO GATT Trade Rounds The Uruguay Round The formation of the WTO The Doha and Cancun Rounds

Underlying Principles of WTO Most-favoured-nation (MFN) National treatment Reciprocity Transparency Dispute Settlement Reciprocity

RTA's and their types What is an Regional Trading Agreement Preferential Trading Agreements (PTAs) Free Trade Agreement/Area (FTA) Customs Union Common Markets Economic Unions

Regionalism and Role of RTA’s Trend towards RTA’s Served as Precedents The Initial Path Inadequate National Capacities Local Co-operation Restructuring and Co-ordination Secure Markets Economies of Scale

Reasons for the Trend towards RTA’s Influence of European Integration Reversal of American Position The Canadian Willingness Shift in the Thinking of Developing Nations Effects of RTA’s Trade Creation Effect Trade Diversion Effect Terms of Trade Effect Market Expansion Effect Competition Enhancement Effect

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Introduction Objectives Influence on economy

Objectives Tariff Reduction More Access to Financial Services Lowering Barriers to Movement of Goods Creation of Special Fund Creation of North American Development Bank

Influence On Economy Gross Domestic Product Exports Employment Opportunities Agriculture

Andean Community Members Bolivia Ecuador Colombia Peru Venezuela

History Cartagena Agreement(1969) President Involvement

Objectives Promote balanced and harmonious development Growth through integration and economic and social cooperation Enhance progressive formation of a Latin American common market Steady improvement in the standard of living of their inhabitants

Governing Bodies Andean Presidential Council Andean Council of Foreign Council Andean Community Commission Andean Community General Secretariat Andean Community Court of Justice Andean Parliament Business Advisory Council and The Labor Advisory Council

Future Plans Customs Union Liberalization of markets Agreement with MERCOSUR Agreement with EU