U3g – L2 Get out last night’s homework. Answer the following in your notebook: 1.Why do hot objects often turn red? 2.A wall adapter for your cell phone may heat up when your phone is plugged in. Why isn’t this probably considered a thermal technology? 3.Putting energy into a system ________ it. 4.Taking energy away from a system ________ it. April 22, 2008 DRILL Heats Cools

U3g – L2 TEST FRIDAY – Unit 3F and Unit 3G (Fluid and Thermal Technology)

U3e Test 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A, B, D 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B, F 9.A, C, D, E 10.A 11.B 12.D 13.C U3g – L2 14.Negative to Positive 15.Schematics 16.Heat 17. DC Power Supply AC Power Supply Resistor Switch

Electrical into Mechanical 21.9-volt battery 22.Coil of wire and bolt U3g – L2 U3e Test Parallel Series

U3g – L2 U3e Test Time (seconds) Voltage (volts) Graph of DC Power Supply

U3g – L2 U3e Test Graph of AC Power Supply Time (seconds) Voltage (volts)

24.List 2 electrical technologies and identify why they are considered electrical technologies. 25.List 2 applications of electric motors you use in everyday life. 27.Ra = 2 ohms Rb = 8 ohms Rt = 10 ohms 28.I = Amps R = 1.85 ohms U3g – L2 U3e Test

26. Using Ohm’s Law and Joule’s Law, write an equation for power that does not include current. Joule’s Law P = V x I Ohm’s Law V = I x R V = I x R - Ohm’s Law I = V / R - Solve for I Substitute into other formula: P = V x I - Joule’s Law P = V x (V / R) P = V 2 / R U3g – L2

1.Identify 5 thermal technologies not mentioned in class today (Remember, a thermal technology produces, stores, controls, transmits or gets work from heat energy ) 2.Identify the problem that the technology system solves 3.List the technological subsystems that are used in the technology 4.Identify the technology that preceded it (i.e. what was used before the technology was invented?) U3g – L2

The technology of producing, storing, controlling, transmitting and getting work from heat energy. Example applications: Furnace, Hot water heater, Toaster, Insulation, Heat exchanger, Refrigerator, Hot air balloon, Fan. Thermal Technology U3g – L2

Thermal energy always travels from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. Therefore, the driving force for heat transfer is Difference in Temperature Three methods of heat transfer: 1.Conduction 2.Convection 3.Radiation U3g – L2

1.Conduction The transfer of heat through a substance by collision of molecules. Conduction happens through solids. Metals are usually best conductors. Free electrons greatly aid in the transfer of thermal energy. Fluids are less conductive of heat due to larger distances between atoms.

1.Conduction U3g – L2

2.Convection The transfer of heat by movement of a fluid. Natural Convection –Fluid surrounding a heat source receives heat and rises (due to lower density) –Surrounding cooler fluid moves in to replace it. –Cooler fluid is heated, rises, and cycle continues. U3g - L1

U3g – L2 2.Convection Forced Convection –Fans or other means are used to propel a fluid. –An convection current is induced. –Car engine and A/C are examples

3.Radiation The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves All objects, hot or cold, emit heat by radiation No medium is necessary – radiation works in a perfect vacuum (the sun’s heat through space) Light contains heat radiation The visible spectrum carries less heat than the infrared spectrum U3g – L2

3.Radiation U3g - L1

U3g – L2 HEAT TRANSFER DEMONSTRATIONS

1.With a partner, identify 3 examples of Conduction, Convection, and Radiation (total 9 examples) not discussed in class. 2.Describe your observations of the heat transfer in each example. 3.Describe what is causing the heat transfer in each example. U3g – L2