General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 6.4 The Mole Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Lectures

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 2 Counting Units Counting terms are used to describe specific quantities.  1 dozen donuts = 12 donuts  1 ream of paper = 500 sheets  1 case = 24 cans

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 3 A mole is a counting unit that contains  the same number of particles as there are carbon atoms in 12.0 g of carbon 12 C.  6.02 x atoms of an element (Avogadro’s number). A Mole of Atoms

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section mole of sulfur contains Avogadro’s number of atoms. A Mole of Sulfur

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 5 A mole  of a covalent compound has Avogadro’s number of molecules.  of an ionic compound contains Avogadro’s number of formula units. A Mole of a Compound

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 6 Number of Particles in One Mole

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 7 Avogadro’s number (6.02 x ) can be written as an equality and two conversion factors. Equality: Conversion Factors: Avogadro’s Number as an Equality

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 8 Guide to Calculating Atoms or Moles

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 9 Using Avogadro’s Number in Calculations How many Cu atoms are in 0.50 mole of Cu? Step 1 State the given and needed quantities. Analyze the Problem. Step 2 Write a plan to convert moles to atoms or molecules. moles of Cu Avogadro's number atoms of Cu GivenNeed 0.50 mole Cuatoms of Cu

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 10 Using Avogadro’s Number in Calculations How many Cu atoms are in 0.50 mole of Cu? Step 3 Use Avogadro’s number to write conversion factors.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 11 Using Avogadro’s Number in Calculations How many Cu atoms are in 0.50 mole of Cu? Step 4 Set up the problem to calculate the number of particles.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 12 Learning Check How many moles of CO 2 are in 2.50 x molecules of CO 2 ?

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 13 Solution How many moles of CO 2 are in 2.50 x molecules of CO 2 ? Step 1 State the given and needed quantities. Analyze the Problem. Step 2 Write a plan to convert moles to atoms or molecules. molecules of CO 2 Avogadro's moles of CO 2 number GivenNeed 2.50 x molecules of CO 2 moles of CO 2

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 14 Solution How many moles of CO 2 are in 2.50 x molecules of CO 2 ? Step 3 Use Avogadro’s number to write conversion factors.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 15 Solution How many moles of CO 2 are in 2.50 x molecules of CO 2 ? Step 4 Set up the problem to calculate the number of particles.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 16 Subscripts State Atoms and Moles

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 17 Moles of Elements in a Formula The subscripts in a formula give  the relationship of atoms in the formula and  the moles of each element in 1 mole of a compound. Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 18 Conversion Factors from Subscripts Subscripts used for conversion factors relate moles of each element in 1 mole of a compound For aspirin, C 9 H 8 O 4, can be written as:

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 19 Guide to Calculating Moles

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 20 Calculating Moles of an Element How many moles of carbon are present in 2.3 moles of C 5 H 10 O 2, propyl acetate, the compound that provides the odor and taste of pears. Step 1 State the given and needed quantities. Analyze the Problem. GivenNeed 2.3 moles of C 5 H 10 O 2 moles of C

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 21 Calculating Moles of an Element How many moles of carbon are present in 2.3 moles of C 5 H 10 O 2, propyl acetate, the compound that provides the odor and taste of pears. Step 2 Write a plan to convert moles of compound to moles of an element. moles of C 5 H 10 O 2 subscriptmoles of C

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 22 Calculating Moles of an Element How many moles of carbon are present in 2.3 moles of C 5 H 10 O 2, propyl acetate, the compound that provides the odor and taste of pears. Step 3 Write equalities and conversion factors using subscripts.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 23 Calculating Moles of an Element How many moles of carbon are present in 2.3 moles of C 5 H 10 O 2, propyl acetate, the compound that provides the odor and taste of pears. Step 4 Set up the problem to calculate the moles of an element.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 24 Learning Check How many O atoms are in mole of aspirin, C 9 H 8 O 4 ?

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 25 Solution How many O atoms are in mole of aspirin, C 9 H 8 O 4 ? Step 1 State the given and needed quantities. Analyze the Problem. Step 2 Write a plan to convert moles of compound to moles and then atoms of an element. Moles of subscript moles Avogadro's atoms aspirin of O number of O GivenNeed mole aspirin, C 9 H 8 O 4 atoms of O

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 26 Solution How many O atoms are in mole of aspirin, C 9 H 8 O 4 ? Step 3 Write equalities and conversion factors using subscripts and Avogadro's number.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6, Section 4 27 Solution How many O atoms are in mole of aspirin, C 9 H 8 O 4 ? Step 4 Set up the problem to calculate atoms of O.