CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults by Jinfang Zhu, and William E. Paul Blood Volume 112(5):1557-1569 September 1, 2008 ©2008 by American Society.

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CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults by Jinfang Zhu, and William E. Paul Blood Volume 112(5): September 1, 2008 ©2008 by American Society of Hematology

Jinfang Zhu. Jinfang Zhu, and William E. Paul Blood 2008;112: ©2008 by American Society of Hematology

William E. Paul. Jinfang Zhu, and William E. Paul Blood 2008;112: ©2008 by American Society of Hematology

Summary of the 4 CD4 T helper cell fates: their functions, their unique products, their characteristic transcription factors, and cytokines critical for their fate determination. Jinfang Zhu, and William E. Paul Blood 2008;112: ©2008 by American Society of Hematology

T-cell differentiation involves instructive differentiation as well as selective expansion of differentiated cells. Jinfang Zhu, and William E. Paul Blood 2008;112: ©2008 by American Society of Hematology

Th2 differentiation driven by low concentration of peptide stimulation in vitro consists of an IL- 4–independent initiation phase and an IL-4–dependent amplification phase. Jinfang Zhu, and William E. Paul Blood 2008;112: ©2008 by American Society of Hematology

Cross regulation among the factors that are involved in Th1 and Th2 differentiation. Jinfang Zhu, and William E. Paul Blood 2008;112: ©2008 by American Society of Hematology

Positive and negative regulatory elements within Il4/Il13 loci and their binding to transcription factors. Jinfang Zhu, and William E. Paul Blood 2008;112: ©2008 by American Society of Hematology