Environmental impact assessment Erling Andersen, Bob Bunce, Frans Godeschalk & Berien Elbersen

Structure Typologies Nitrogen emission (most polluting farms) Environmental impacts on broader environment (soil, air, water), landscape (fragmentation, landscape structure and habitats) and ecology (biodiversity) Matrix approach Discussion points

Environmental typology (land dependent livestock) Dairy systems Sheep & Goat systems Beef systems Mixed systems Small-scale systems Other systems 11 (11)12 (?) 1124 (16)

Nitrogen emission Where are the most polluting dairy farms? Costs of fertilizer per hectare per dairy system LU/Ha per dairy system Result: rough assessments per dairy system across the whole of EU distribution of dairy systems per region

Other environmental impacts Broader environment (air, water, soil pollution) Landscape (fragmentation, landscape structural change & habitat change) Biodiversity (species loss)

MIRABEL project Models for IntegRated Assessment of Biodiversity in European Landscapes Conceptual framework to facilitate analysis of consequences of environmental pressures on biodiversity Based on bio-geographical stratification of Europe Assessment per EUNIS habitat Distinguish drivers for environmental change

Relevant drivers for environmental change from livestock Eutrophication Nitrogen deposition Acidification Farming intensification Drainage Irrigation Land abandonment Habitat fragmentation

Atlantic Plains 13 Ecological regions of DMeer N & C Boreal North Sea Atlantic Thermo-Atlantic Sub-continental hemi-boreal Continental hemi-boreal Boreal Mountains Central Europe Mediterranean Pannonian SE Plains Sub-continental & middle mountains Alps Mediterranean & thermo-nemoral mountains

13 Ecological regions of DMeer (EEA) 28 DMeer: 64 eco-climatic classes (Bunce, et all.) (climate and altitude) 750 potential vegetation classes (Bohn, 1996) 13 DMeer 28 Dmeer US Geological Survey land cover map

Atlantic Plains 13 Ecological regions of DMeer Small-scale mixed Intensive grass Permanent grass

EUNIS habitat types and Natura 2000 habitat codes (HD) recording E1 dry grasslands (HD 6520) E2 Seasonally wet and dry grassland E3 Mesotrophic and Eutrophic grassland (HD 6410) G1 Broadleaved decidious and mixed woodland (HD 91..) J2 Industrial and commercial sites and agricultural buildings G4 Tree lines and sparsely wooded land

Impact matrix for Intensive Grass system within Atlantic Plain

Impact matrix for Small Scale Mixed System in Atlantic Plain

Advantages Matrix approach Structured way of describing environmental impacts allows for both quantitative and qualitative assessment combines livestock systems and habitats

Further work Use DMeer+altitude information as zoning for building model farms Links between livestock systems and habitats (matrixes and maps) Link drivers to environmental livestock systems