The Early Peoples of the Americas World History 9

Background Prior to the Europeans arrival, Native Americans inhabited the Western Hemisphere for approx ,000 years Prior to the Europeans arrival, Native Americans inhabited the Western Hemisphere for approx ,000 years First migrated to North America between 75,000 to 8,000 BC via land bridge First migrated to North America between 75,000 to 8,000 BC via land bridge Slowly migrated to American Southwest, more temperate climate, continued east and south to Central & South America Slowly migrated to American Southwest, more temperate climate, continued east and south to Central & South America

Background 8,000 BC, glacial retreats close land bridge, isolated inhabitants for thousands of years 8,000 BC, glacial retreats close land bridge, isolated inhabitants for thousands of years –This likely contributes to susceptibility to disease Oral traditions preserve history through stories Oral traditions preserve history through stories Early inhabitants were hunter/gatherers, by about 5,000 BC in present-day Mexico agriculture begins (roughly around the same time as in Europe) Early inhabitants were hunter/gatherers, by about 5,000 BC in present-day Mexico agriculture begins (roughly around the same time as in Europe)

What happens when agriculture replaces hunting & gathering?

Early Civilizations Develop Agricultural production leads to settling in villages, which grow to cities Agricultural production leads to settling in villages, which grow to cities Permanent housing, pottery, art, and more complex social and political institutions develop Permanent housing, pottery, art, and more complex social and political institutions develop Division of labor: Division of labor: –Women: planting, raising, harvesting crops –Men: hunting to supplement diet Better food sources = population growth Better food sources = population growth

Agriculture leads to Growth More sophisticated production techniques lead to greater economic, political & technological advancements. More sophisticated production techniques lead to greater economic, political & technological advancements.

Maya & Aztecs Maya Maya –gold & silver jewelry –develop a form of writing, mathematics, calendar Aztecs conquer the Maya, and build on existing achievements; enslaving other Indian groups along the way Aztecs conquer the Maya, and build on existing achievements; enslaving other Indian groups along the way

Culture Clash “Think of two worlds coming together with completely different conceptions of the universe and of nature. A lot of times when we speak of the meeting of cultures, we forget that beyond the initial clash emerges a new view of the world. And I think that’s what we Chicanos represent today.” “Think of two worlds coming together with completely different conceptions of the universe and of nature. A lot of times when we speak of the meeting of cultures, we forget that beyond the initial clash emerges a new view of the world. And I think that’s what we Chicanos represent today.” –Rudolfo Anaya

Unit Goals Cultural identity Cultural identity Effect of cultural blending Effect of cultural blending Understand Aztec, Mayan, Inca society and culture Understand Aztec, Mayan, Inca society and culture Explore European motivations for coming to the New World/ conquest of Latin America. Explore European motivations for coming to the New World/ conquest of Latin America. Examine political, social and economic results of the cultural interaction and blending between Europeans and Americans. Examine political, social and economic results of the cultural interaction and blending between Europeans and Americans.

Task On your notes, create a small T-chart. On your notes, create a small T-chart. –On one side, jot down notes for the first set of pictures. –On the other side, take notes on the second set. –After, write a sentence or two to summarize differences/similarities/observations.

Create a summary at the bottom of your notes.

Task You will need to grab a World History textbook. Open to page 186. You will need to grab a World History textbook. Open to page 186. Take Cornell notes (create your own) on pages This will take more than just this class period…it is not homework (since you don’t have access to these books at home yet!) Take Cornell notes (create your own) on pages This will take more than just this class period…it is not homework (since you don’t have access to these books at home yet!)