NMR and The Designing and Manufacturing of an NMR Probe for 109 Ag in Li x Ag 3 V 4 O 11 Cathode Material, for 0.72<x ≤ By: John Sangobowale NASA SHARP Mentors: Dr. Phillip Stallworth, Steve G. Greenbaum, Ph.D Physics department, Hunter College, Solid state NMR/EPR Lab

Purpose Understand the basics of NMR Apply my understandings of NMR into the construction of an NMR probe Use the constructed NMR probe to run samples with Li x Ag 3 V 4 O 11

NMR Spectroscopy What is NMR? Nuclear magnetic resonance A phenomenon in which certain nuclei of atoms are immersed in a static magnetic field and are exposed to a second oscillating magnetic field. Not all nuclei experience this phenomenon Not all nuclei posses the property called spin What is Spectroscopy? Interaction of EM radiation with matter What is NMR Spectroscopy? Use of NMR phenomenon to study: Physical Chemical Biological

Spin Physics Spin Fundamental property of nature Multiples of ½, can be + or – Subatomic particles posses spin Individual unpaired subatomic particle posses a spin of ½ Thought of as a small magnetic field Examples 2 H 1,1,1,= ½ electronic spin, 1 nuclear spin 4 He 2,2,2,= NO SPIN

Spin Physics Continued Properties of spin. Net spin V.S. Magnetic field strength ν= γß (Frequency) (gyromagnetic ratio) (magnetic field strength) Energy levels Low (N-S N-S) High (N-N S-S)

Spin Physics Continued Transitions Low to High High to Low E= h ν (Energy) (Plank ’ s constant) (Resonance frequency AKA Lamor frequency)

Spin Physics Continued Energy Level Diagram ν= γ ß E= h ν Energy of a Photon=E = h γ B

T 1 Process T1 process At equilibrium, the net magnetization vector lies along the direction of the applied magnetic field B 0. Equilibrium Magnetization M 0 M z =M 0

T 1 Process continued Exciting the system Saturating the spin system Mz=0(90o) Spin Lattice relaxation time (T1) The equation governing this behavior as a function of time t, after its displament is: M z = M o ( 1 - e -t/T1 )

Precession Net magnetization in the XY plane

T 2 Process T2 process Dephasing due to spin packets Spin Spin relaxation time, T2 M XY =M XYo e -t/T2 T2<= T1 T1 and T2 occur simultaneously

NMR Solid and Liquid NMRHigh Pressure NMR

The Probe and its Applications Complex piece of apparatus which has several functions: It locates the sample in the region of homogenous magnetic field. It includes radiofrequency electronic circuits for irradiating the sample with radiofrequency waves, and for dectecting the subsequent radiofrequency emissions from the sample. In some cases, the probe has a device for rotating the sample, in order to reduce the width of the NMR peaks. In some cases, the probe has a devices for stabilization of the temperature of the sample. In some cases, the probe contains additional coils for creating magnetic fields with a controlled spatial inhomogeneity-these coils are used in NMR imaging experiments, and many other techniques.

The probes electronics

The Probes Solid/liquid NMR probe set up for diffusion Solid NMR probe set up for High pressure experimentation

MY Probes Accessories The Probes bodyThe Probes electronics

My finished Probe