 Understanding the Texas Criminal Legal System

Definitions  Your individually responsible for looking up definitions of words, that I have put in red.  You will need to keep a list of them, and their definition.  When called upon you will have to explain the definition in your own words.  You will also have to be able to use it in a sentence.

ARREST  Two Different Types of Arrest:  Arrest with Warrant  Arrest without a Warrant

Why is an Arrest important?  The lawfulness of an arrest (i.e., a “seizure for Fourth Amendment purposes) is however, important because it may determine the admissibility of evidence seized pursuant to that arrest, and because it may result in the arresting officer being subject to civil liability.

Legality of an Arrest  The legality of an arrest is usually tested in a suppression hearing in pretrial.  Attacking the legal validity of the arrest is way of getting out the incriminating evidence.

Texas Warrant Arrest  Found under the law in Texas called Texas Code of Criminal Procedure (TX CCP) Chapter 15.  TX CCP  A “warrant of arrest” is a written order (hint a piece of paper that a judge signs) from a magistrate (a judge), directed to a peace officer or some other specially named, commanding him to take the body of the person accused of an offense, to be dealt with according to law.

Warrantless Arrest  Neither the Texas nor the United States Constitution absolutely forbids warrantless arrest. Requirements for a warrantless arrest in Texas comes from law under the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure in Chapter 14.

Warrantless Arrest  TX CCP Offense within View (a) A peace officer or any other person, may, without a warrant, arrest an offender when the offense is committed in his presence or within his view, if the offense is one classed as a felony or as an offense against the public peace. (b) A peace officer may arrest an offender without a warrant for any offense committed in his presence or within his view.

Warrantless Arrest Can you or I arrest a person? How does a person determine if it’s a felony? Does this law allow the officer to arrest the murder in Tell Tale Heart?

Definition  The words "breach of the peace" were defined in Woods v. State,,213 S.W.2d 685 (1948)213 S.W.2d 685 Breach of the Peace is generic, and includes all violations of the public peace or order, or decorum; in other words, it signifies the offense of disturbing the public peace or tranquility enjoyed by the citizens of a community; a disturbance of the public tranquility by any act or conduct inciting to violence or tending to provoke or excite others to break the peace; a disturbance of the public order by an act of violence, or by any act likely to produce violence, or which, by causing consternation and alarm disturbs the peace and quiet of the community...

Warrantless Arrest TX CCP WITHIN VIEW OF MAGISTRATE. A peace officer may arrest, without warrant, when a felony or breach of the peace has been committed in the presence or within the view of a magistrate, and such magistrate verbally orders the arrest of the offender.

Warrantless Arrest TX CCP (a) Any peace officer may arrest, without warrant:

TX CCP (a)(1)  (1) persons found in suspicious places and under circumstances which reasonably show that such persons have been guilty of some felony, violation of Title 9, Chapter 42, Penal Code, breach of the peace, or offense under Section (PUBLIC INTOXICATION), Penal Code, or threaten, or are about to commit some offense against the laws;49.02

TX CCP (a)(2)  (2) persons who the peace officer has probable cause to believe have committed an assault resulting in bodily injury to another person and the peace officer has probable cause to believe that there is danger of further bodily injury to that person;

TX CCP (a)(3)  (3) persons who the peace officer has probable cause to believe have committed an offense defined by Section (violation of certain court orders or conditions of bond in a family violence, sexual assault or abuse, stalking, or trafficking case), Penal Code, if the offense is not committed in the presence of the peace officer;25.07

TX CCP (a)(4)  (4) persons who the peace officer has probable cause to believe have committed an offense involving family violence;

TX CCP (a)(5)  (5) persons who the peace officer has probable cause to believe have prevented or interfered with an individual's ability to place a telephone call in an emergency, as defined by Section (d), Penal Code, if the offense is not committed in the presence of the peace officer; or42.062

TX CCP (a)(6)  (6) a person who makes a statement to the peace officer that would be admissible against the person under Article and establishes probable cause to believe that the person has committed a felony  Art STATEMENT. A statement of an accused may be used in evidence against him if it appears that the same was freely and voluntarily made without compulsion or persuasion, under the rules hereafter prescribed.

TX CCP (b)(c) (b) A peace officer shall arrest, without a warrant, a person the peace officer has probable cause to believe has committed an offense under Section 25.07, Penal Code, if the offense is committed in the presence of the peace officer (c) If reasonably necessary to verify an allegation of a violation of a protective order or of the commission of an offense involving family violence, a peace officer shall remain at the scene of the investigation to verify the allegation and to prevent the further commission of the violation or of family violence.

TX CCP (d)(e)(f) (d) A peace officer who is outside his jurisdiction may arrest, without warrant, a person who commits an offense within the officer's presence or view, if the offense is a felony, a violation of Chapter 42 or 49, Penal Code, or a breach of the peace. A peace officer making an arrest under this subsection shall, as soon as practicable after making the arrest, notify a law enforcement agency having jurisdiction where the arrest was made. The law enforcement agency shall then take custody of the person committing the offense and take the person before a magistrate in compliance with Article of this code (e) The justification for conduct provided under Section 9.21, Penal Code, applies to a peace officer when the peace officer is performing a duty required by this article.9.21 (f) In this article, "family violence" has the meaning assigned by Section , Family Code

TX CCP (g)(1)(2)(3)(a)(b) (g)(1) A peace officer listed in Subdivision (1), (2), or (5), Article 2.12, who is licensed under Chapter 1701, Occupations Code, and is outside of the officer's jurisdiction may arrest without a warrant a person who commits any offense within the officer's presence or view, other than a violation of Subtitle C, Title 7, Transportation Code.2.12 (2) A peace officer listed in Subdivision (3), Article 2.12, who is licensed under Chapter 1701, Occupations Code, and is outside of the officer's jurisdiction may arrest without a warrant a person who commits any offense within the officer's presence or view, except that an officer described in this subdivision who is outside of that officer's jurisdiction may arrest a person for a violation of Subtitle C, Title 7, Transportation Code, only if the offense is committed in the county or counties in which the municipality employing the peace officer is located.2.12 (3) A peace officer making an arrest under this subsection shall as soon as practicable after making the arrest notify a law enforcement agency having jurisdiction where the arrest was made. The law enforcement agency shall then take custody of: (A) the person committing the offense and take the person before a magistrate in compliance with Article 14.06; and14.06 (B) any property seized during or after the arrest as if the property had been seized by a peace officer of that law enforcement agency.

Warrantless Arrest  Texas CCP WHEN FELONY HAS BEEN COMMITTED. Where it is shown by satisfactory proof to a peace officer, upon the representation of a credible person, that a felony has been committed, and that the offender is about to escape, so that there is no time to procure a warrant, such peace officer may, without warrant, pursue and arrest the accused.

Warrantless Arrest TX CCP RIGHTS OF OFFICER. In each case enumerated where arrests may be lawfully made without warrant, the officer or person making the arrest is justified in adopting all the measures which he might adopt in cases of arrest under warrant, except that an officer making an arrest without a warrant may not enter a residence to make the arrest unless: (1) a person who resides in the residence consents to the entry; or (2) exigent circumstances require that the officer making the arrest enter the residence without the consent of a resident or without a warrant.

Warrantless Arrest TX CCP MUST TAKE OFFENDER BEFORE MAGISTRATE. (a) Except as otherwise provided by this article, in each case enumerated in this Code, the person making the arrest or the person having custody of the person arrested shall take the person arrested or have him taken without unnecessary delay, but not later than 48 hours after the person is arrested