 The original hackers who disliked the IBM machines preferring machines like TX-0 and PDP- 1.  Hacked for the fun of hacking  Felt all code was free and changeable by others  Tried to “bum” their code  Hacked games like “Spacewars”  Only people who had proven themselves through their code were seen as “winners by these hackers.  Focused not only on how to program the machines but how they worked, how locks worked, and how anything electrical(like railroad trains) functioned.

 Sierra On-line was created by Ken Williams  Ken Williams bought an Apple so that he could write programs for it, and his wife Roberta wrote a mystery and drew pictures on the computer that he would code into a bestseller called “Mystery house.”  They would later write “Wizard and the Princess.”  The three main emerging game companies were Sirius, Brotherhood, and On-line  As software progressed games started to become copyright.  John Harris programmed “Jawbreaker” for On-line and it was On-line’s first run-in with copyright infringement but the case failed.  On-line began as a hacker haven, but as time progressed Williams hired a real manager who set rules and cut wages.  As the software industry progressed the hacker ethic was removed from the industry until new companies arose.

 Employers, like Ken Williams, began removing hackers from their teams because they were undependable and nit picky on small details.  Software was copyrighted with software preventing its ripping.  Hackers were unable to improve problems they found in others software.  The AI lab died.  In later years the term hacker would be used for people who stole credit card numbers and broke into government computers.