MIDDLE EAST Lesson #3 - Islam

The religion is called The people are called ISLAM MUSLIMS

Founder: Born: Mecca in year 570 Married: in year 590 Died: in year 630 Muhammad

Founder Abram Abraham (Father of Many) Wife Sarai (Sarah) Servant Hagar ISAAC ISHMAEL Jews Muslims

Describe what Islam has in common with other religions

What makes Islam different than other religions? (this will be asked again later)

Basics of Islam Z Muslims are strict monotheists. Z They believe in a single God, which they call Allah. Z Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. Peoples of the Book Jews & Christians:

The Qur’an Z Muslims believe it contains the word of God. Z 114 suras (chapters). Z In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. Z Written in Arabic.

The Origins of the Qur’an Z Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in 610. Z 622 (Hegirah) Muhammed fled Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.) Z Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.

What all Muslims are expected to do…

The Dar al-Islam The World of Islam

1. The Shahada 1 1 The declaration of faith: There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger In your words:

2. The Salat 2 2 Z The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed Z Wash before praying. Z Face Mecca, on your knees using a prayer rug.

2. The Salat 2 2 Z The call to prayer by the muezzin in the minaret. Z Pray in the mosque on Friday.

Describe the aspects of the Salat

3. The Zakat 3 3 Z Almsgiving (charitable donations). Z Muslims believe that all things belong to God. Z Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.” Z About 2.5% of your income.

4. The Sawm 4 4 Z Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. Z Considered a method of self- purification. Z No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan.

What problems can the Sawm cause? Should anyone be excluded?

Eid Mubarak End of the Ramadan holiday.

5. The Hajj 5 5 Z The pilgrimage to Mecca. Z Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime. Z 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year. Z Walk around the kKABBA

5. The Hajj 5 5 Z Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name.

5. The Hajj Some people even rename themselves Examples: Cassius Clay = Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor =

Other Islamic Religious Practices Z Up to four wives allowed at once. Z No alcohol or pork. Z No gambling. Z Sharia - Islamic law to regulate daily living. Z Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

The Mosque Z The Muslim place of worship.

The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven.

The Spread of Islam Z Easy to learn and practice. Z No priesthood. Z Teaches equality. Z Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes. Z Easily “portable” - nomads & trade routes. Z Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

Muslims in the World Today

Countries with the Largest Muslim Population 1.Indonesia183,000,0006.Iran62,000,000 2.Pakistan134,000,0007.Egypt59,000,000 3.India121,000,0008.Nigeria53,000,000 4.Bangladesh114,000,0009.Algeria31,000,000 5.Turkey66,000,00010.Morocco29,000,000 * Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world.

Geography of Islam Non-Middle eastern states Indonesia 215 mIndonesia 215 m Pakistan 160 mPakistan 160 m India 134 mIndia 134 m Bangladesh 123 mBangladesh 123 m Turkey 70 mTurkey 70 m Nigeria 65 mNigeria 65 m Afghanistan 31 mAfghanistan 31 m Sudan 30 mSudan 30 m Total828 mTotal828 m Middle Eastern states Egypt 80 mEgypt 80 m Iran 70 mIran 70 m Algeria 32 mAlgeria 32 m Morocco 32 mMorocco 32 m Iraq 25 mIraq 25 m Saudi Arabia 22 mSaudi Arabia 22 m Syria 16. mSyria 16. m Jordan 5.0 mJordan 5.0 m Total282 mTotal282 m * Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world.

Muslims in America

Muslim Culture in NYC The Islamic Center, New York City

Jihad A requirement for devout MuslimsA requirement for devout Muslims Literally means STRUGGLE FOR FAITHLiterally means STRUGGLE FOR FAITH Can also mean struggle toCan also mean struggle to convert non-Muslims to Islam Translates to HOLY WARTranslates to HOLY WAR

Islam in America 20/20 Documentary Five parts – 42 min. total Click – part 1 Click – Is Islam dangerous?