BIOLOGY RTwsþIekasika (The Cell Theory) BIOLOGY RTwsþIekasika (The Cell Theory) RBHraCaNacRk km<úCa Cati sasna RBHmhakSRt Technical School for Medical Care Kim Sorya BBA, MD, MPH Tel:

(Some Random Cell Facts) karBitmYycMnYnGMBIekasika (Some Random Cell Facts) The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion individual cells!!! mnusSmaDmFümmñak;pSMeL IgBIekasikaRbEhl 100 Trillion. The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion individual cells!!! 100,000,000,000, ,000,000,000,000 edIm,IbegáIt)ancMnuccucmYy enAelIGkSr “i” RtUvkarekasikaRbEhl 50 It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter “ i ”WOW!!! 2

rbkKMehIjekasika (Discovery of Cells) rbkKMehIjekasika nigrcnasm<½n§rbs;va KWCab;Tak;TgnwgkarbegáItEkvBR gIk CaBiessmIRkUTsSn_ (The discovery of cells and their structure is linked to the development of the magnifying lenses, particularly the microscope). 3

qñaM 1665 GñkviTüasaRsþCnCatiGg;eKøseQµaH rU:bWth‘uk (Robert Hooke) )anrkeXIj nigbegáItBaküekasika enAeBlKat;BinitüemIlceRmokeQImüa:g RsaldUcesñar. Kat;BN’naekasikafaCaRbGb;tUc b¤sMbukXµúM (honeycomb) Kat;KitfaekasikamanEtenAkñúgrukçCat inigBBYkpSit (He thought that cells only existed in plants and fungi) rbkKMehIjekasika (Discovery of Cells) 4

Anton van Leuwenhoek enAqñaM 1673 )aneRbIR)as;mIRkUTsSn_eFVIedayé dedIm,IsegátBinitüemIlBBuHTwkføúk ehIy)anrkeXIjsarBagÁkayEdlpSMeLIg BIekasikaEtmYy (single-celled organisms) Kat;ehABYkvafa “animalcules” Kat;k¾)ansegáteXIjekasikaQamrbs;Rt I bkSI kEgáb Eqá nigmnusSpgEdr. dUecñH eKdwgfaekasikaRtUv)anrkeXIjenAkñú gstVk¾dUcCarukçCati. 5

karxVHcenøaHry³eBl qñaM ( Year Gap???) cenøaHrvagrbkKMehIjrbs; Hooke/Leuwenhoek nigBak;kNþalstvtSTI 19 mankareCOnelOneTAmuxtictYcb MputTak;Tgekasika. Between the Hooke/Leuwenhoek discoveries and the mid 19 th century, very little cell advancements were made. enHRbEhlmkBICMenOeTAelIkMe NItedayÉkÉg (spontaneous generation) EdleK)anTTYlykya:gTUlMTUlay. Examples: - kNþúrekItecjmkBIknÞb¼knÞk; - dgáÚvekItecjmkBIsac;s¥úyrlYy 6

kareCOnelOnenAstvtSTI 19 (19 th Century Advancement) karsgS½yCaeRcInekItmanenACu MvijRTwsþIénkMeNItedayÉkÉg cugeRkayRtUv)anbgðaj[eXIjfamin Biteday Louis Pasteur. Pasteur: Ummm, I don’t think so!!! + = ? 7

karbegáItRTwsþIekasika (Development of Cell Theory) qñaM 1838 – rukçviTUCnCatiGalWm:geQµaH Matthias Schleiden )anTajesckþI snñidæanfaEpñkénrukçCatiTaMgG s;KWekIteLIgBIekasika German Botanist, Matthias Schleiden, concluded that all plant parts are made of cells 8

qñaM 1839 – srIr³viTUCnCatiGalWm:geQµaH Theodor Schwann EdlCamitþ rbs; Schleiden )anEføgfaCalikastVTaMgGs;pSMe LIgBIekasika German physiologist, Theodor Schwann, who was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells (all animals are made of cells). karbegáItRTwsþIekasika (Development of Cell Theory) 9

qñaM 1858 – elak Rudolf Virchow EdlCaRKUeBTüCnCatiGalWm:g;/ bnÞab;BI eFVIkarsikSaCaeRcInGMBIeraKsa Rsþekasika/ )anTajesckþIsnñidæanfaekasikaRt Uv EtekItecjBIekasikaEdlmanRsab; ¬ekasikaekItecjEtBIekasikaEdlman Rsab;¦. (cells must arise from preexisting cells or cells can only arise from preexisting cells). karbegáItRTwsþIekasika (Development of Cell Theory) 10

qñaM 1862 – elak Louis Pasteur )anpþl;PsþútagGMBITsSnHEdlfaK µankar begáItekasikaedayÉkÉgecjBIrUbFa tuKµanCIvitenaHeT/ edayeFVIBiesaFn_KMrUdUc teTA (1862-Louis Pasteur provided proof of the idea that there was no spontaneous creation of cells from non-living matter, with the following classic experiment). karbegáItRTwsþIekasika (Development of Cell Theory) 11

BiesaFn_rbs;)a:sÞ½r (Pasteur's Experiment) Twksu‘bEdlmansarCaticiBa©w mRtUv)andutkMedA nigsMlab;emeraKGs; enAkñúgdbEdlmankRtg; nigdbEdlmankekag (Nutrient broths were heated and sterilized in a flask with a straight neck and a curved neck). 12

)a:sÞ½reRbIR)as;dbEdlmankRtg;/ CaRkumepÞógpÞat;/ EdlGnuBaØat[)ak;etrIcUl eTAdl;kñúgTwksu‘b. enAkñúgdbTaMgenH )ak;etrIduHlUtlas;enAkñúgTwksu‘b ya:g qab;rh½s. dbBiesaFn_rbs;)a:sÞ½rmankEvgra gCaGkSr S. CamYynwgkRbePTenH emeraK minGaccUleTA)an eTaHbICadbTaMgenHRtUveKdak;[ RtUvxül;k¾eday. dUecñH Kµan )ak;etrIduHlUtlas;enaHeT. enAeBleKykkragGkSr S enaHecal emeraKcab;epþImlUtlas;enAkñúgT wksu‘b. BiesaFn_rbs;)a:sÞ½r (Pasteur's Experiment) 13

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smasFatumUldæan 3 énRTwsþIekasika)aneBjeljsBVéf¶e nH ³ 1> sarBagÁkay¼Pav³rs;TaMgGs;pSM eLIg¼ekIteLIgBIekasikamYyb¤eRc In All organisms/living things are composed/made of one or more cells). (Schleiden & Schwann)( ). 2> ekasikaKWCaÉktarcnasm<½n§nig muxgarénCIvitkñúgRKb;Pav³rs;Ta MgGs; The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life in all living things. (Schleiden & Schwann)( ) 3> ekasikaTaMgGs;RtUv)anbegáIteLI gedaykareFVIcMEnkrbs;ekasikaEd lman Rsab; ¼ ekasikaTaMgGs;ekItecjmkBIekasik aEdlmanRsab;. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells (all cells come from existing cells). (Virchow)(1858) RTwsþIekasika)ancb;sBVRKb; (Cell Theory Complete) 15

RTwsþIekasikasm½yTMenIbmanp ÞúkesckþIEføgcMnYn 4 bEnßmeTAelIRTwsþIekasika edIm ³ ekasikamanpÞúkBt’mantMnrBUCEdl RtUv)anepÞrEckBIekasikamYyeTAe kasikamYykñúgGMLúgénkareFVIcM Enkekasika. The cell contains hereditary information(DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division. ekasikaTaMgGs;mansmasPaBKImI nigskmµPaBemtabUlIsCamUldæand UcKña. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities. RTwsþIekasikasm½yTMenIb (Modern Cell Theory) 16

RTwsþIekasikasm½yTMenIbmanp ÞúkesckþIEføgcMnYn 4 bEnßmeTAelIRTwsþIekasika edIm ³ RKb;muxgarsrIr³saRsþnigKImICamUl dæan RtUv)aneFVIeLIgenAkñúgekasika ¬clna/ karrMlayGahar >> CaedIm¦. All basic chemical & physiological functions are carried out inside the cells.(movement, digestion, etc) skmµPaBekasikaGaRs½yeTAelIskm µPaBrbs;rcnasm >¦. Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular structures within the cell (organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane) RTwsþIekasikasm½yTMenIb (Modern Cell Theory) 17

karBitCamUldæanEdleK)anrkeXIj GMBIekasika/ EdlmanrayenAkñúgRTwsþIeka sika/ KWCamUldæanénkargardUcCa ³ karBüa)alnigRsavRCavCm¶W¼sux PaB¼evC¢saRsþ ¬eGds_/ mharIk/ va:k;saMg/ kar bgáat;køÚn >>.l.¦ etIRTwsþIekasikaRtUv)aneKeRbI R)as;ya:gdUcemþc? (How has the cell theory been used) 18

References Understanding biology, Third Edition, 1995, By Peter H. Raven and George B. Johnson. Understanding biology, Third Edition, 1995, By Peter H. Raven and George B. Johnson