Resource Use and Management Accounts - RUMEA Accounting tables and aggregates Task Force on RUMEA 15 October 2010 Point 4 of the Agenda ICEDD asblFederico Falcitelli

2 1. Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables 2. Methodology for filling in the tables: mainstream technique 3. Conclusions: how to describe accounting tables and methodology in the handbook Summary

SERIEE Manual provides the set of the 5 accounting tables to be adopted for SERIEE accounts: 1. The demand of goods and services for environmental protections (Table A: “National expenditure”) 2. The supply of environmental services (Table B: “Production” of environmental services and related “GCF” and “Employment”) 3. The supply and use table of environmental services (Table B1) 4. The flows incurring among institutional sectors for financing the “National expenditure” (Table C: “Financing of National expenditure”) 5. The cost of “National current expenditure” borne by each institutional sector (Table C1: “Net cost”) EPEA Compilation guide provides a slightly simplified version of the 5 accounting tables by highlighting the priority/most important figures to fill in Accounting tables and aggregates: background Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables

4  The SERIEE is a system of functionally oriented satellite accounts which aim at calculating a number of economic aggregates having a twofold objective: To allow to answer to a number of questions concerning the economic efforts made by a country for protecting the environment as well as managing and using the natural resources To allow the link between physical and monetary data for several analysis purposes like e.g.:  to calculate the unitary cost for certain activities for the analysis of the efficiency of the measures undertaken or the comparative cost of environmental policies;  to relate monetary flows to the data on natural resources used and on pollution caused by the various industries or branches for assessing the degree of application of the “user pays principle“ or the "polluter pays principle“; ... Aims of SERIEE aggregates Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables

5 EPEA aggregates QuestionsAggregatesTables How much does a country spend for protecting the environment (EP)? National expenditure for EPTable A Which part of the GDP is devoted to the protection of the environment? National expenditure for EP/GDPTable A + GDP Which is the size of the sector of the economy which carry out EP activities? Production of EP output Employment for EP activities Investments for EP activities Table B Which is the economic relevance of the sector of the economy which carry out EP activities? Production of EP output/total output Employment for EP activities/total employment GVA for EP activities/total investments Table B + total output, employment, GVA Who finances the national expenditure for EP? Contribution of each institutional sector to the financing of the National expenditure for EP Table C Who pays for the EP? Net cost of EP (i.e. National current expenditure borne by each institutional sector less possible receipts plus possible other costs related to EP) Table C1 For each aggregate the trend and the break down by institutional sector should be analyzed Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables

6 RM aggregates QuestionsAggregatesTables How much does a country spend for managing natural resources (RM)? National expenditure for RMTable A Which part of the GDP is devoted to the natural resource management? National expenditure for RM/GDPTable A + GDP Which is the size of the sector of the economy which carry out RM activities? Production of RM output Employment for RM activities Investments for RM activities Table B Which is the economic relevance of the sector of the economy which carry out RM activities? Production of RM output/total output Employment for RM activities/total employment GVA for RM activities/total GVA Table B + total output, employment, GVA Who finances the national expenditure for RM? Contribution of each institutional sector to the financing of the National expenditure for RM Table C Who pays for the RM? Net cost of RM (i.e. National current expenditure borne by each institutional sector less possible receipts plus possible other costs related to RM) Table C1 For each aggregate the trend and the break down by institutional sector should be analyzed Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables

7 RU aggregates QuestionsAggregatesTables How much does a country spend for providing the economy with natural resources (RU)? National expenditure for RUTable A Which part of the GDP is devoted to the natural resource use? National expenditure for RU/GDPTable A + GDP Which is the size of the sector of the economy which carry out RU activities? Production of RU output Employment for RU activities Investments for RU activities Table B Which is the economic relevance of the sector of the economy which carry out RU activities? Production of RU output/total output Employment for RU activities/total employment GVA for RU activities/total GVA Table B + total output, employment, GVA Who finances the national expenditure for RU? Contribution of each institutional sector to the financing of the National expenditure for RU Table C Who pays for the RU? Net cost of RU (i.e. National current expenditure borne by each institutional sector less possible receipts plus possible other costs related to RU) Table C1 For each aggregate the trend and the break down by institutional sector should be analyzed Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables

8  Within the RUMEA RM aggregates and transactions should be accounted for separately from the RU ones: from an analytical perspective, the way of looking at resource use/ exploitation as an activity related to the environment should be different as compared to the case of environmental activities that are aimed at environmental protection  Different aggregates can be obtained by combining EP, RM and RU figures, e.g.: Combining EP, RM and RU aggregates ConceptAggregates Total expenditure for protecting the environment and natural resources (in total and for specifc domains/resources, e.g. wastewater management + water resource management; protection of biodiversity + wild flora and fauna management; …) EP + RM The amount of money devoted to the management of a certain resource per 100 euro spent for using the resource (quantitative perspective) RM / RU The amount of money devoted to the protection and management of a certain resource per 100 euro spent for using the resource (quantitative and qualitative perspective) e.g. [(water manag. + wastewater manag.)/water use] (RM+EP) / RU Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables

Main characteristics of SERIEE aggregates  Consistency with national accounts aggregates and their break down (institutional sector and NACE) which allows to calculate the ratio with corresponding national account figures like e.g. GDP, Output, Gross Capital Formation, Employment …  This implies that in the accounting tables: All the transactions that are components of the main aggregates should be accounted for Transactions should be accounted for as in the national accounts (same accounting treatment, same price system,...)  Further break down typical of functional satellite accounts: Break down by the role played by the economic units in environmental sector, i.e. producers (characteristic, specialised, non-specialised), users, financers Break down by environmental domain (according to CEPA in the case of EPEA) Accounting table: main variablesAccounting tables, aggregates and main variables

10 Table A (2002 Compilation Guide) Numbers in brackets refer to the original numbering of Table A in the SERIEE manual (page 58) X…the transaction is recorded at this intersection. nr…not recorded (the use exists but is not recorded here to avoid double counting). -…the transaction does not exist. USERS/BENEFICARIES ProducersConsumersRest ofTotal Components of national expenditurespecialisedotherhouseholdsgovernmentthe world 1 Uses of EP services-XXX-X 2 Capital formation for environmental protectionXX---X 3 Consumption of connected and adapted productsnrXXX-X 4 Specific transfersnrxxxxx 5 Total domestic usesXXXXXX 6 less financed by the rest of the worldxxxx-x 7 National expenditureXXXXXX Summary presentation Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables

11 Table A (2002 Compilation Guide) Full presentation USERS/BENEFICARIES ProducersConsumersRest ofTotal Components of national expenditurespecialisedotherhouseholdsgovernmentthe world 1 Uses of EP services (purchaser prices) (1.1) final consumption market non-market XXXX -X-X ---- XXXX (1.2) intermediate consumption market ancillary nr XXXX XXXX (3 part) capital formation market non-market nr XXXX XXXX (2) GCF for EP activitiesXX---X Uses of connected and adapted products (purchasers’ price) (1.3) final consumption connected products adapted products XXXX XXXX (1.4) intermediate consumption connected products adapted products nr XXXX XXXX (3 part) gross capital formation in connected products adapted products nr XXXX XXXX 4 Specific transfers (not counter part of previous items) (4.1) subsidies on production characteristic services connected products adapted products nr XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX (4.2) other specific transfers current capital (-) xxxx x-x- x-x- XXXX XXXX 6 financing of national expenditure by the rest of the world current capital -x-x xxxx x-x- x-x- xxxx xxxx 5 Total domestic usesXXXXXX 6 less financed by the rest of the worldxxxx-x 7 National expenditureXXXXXX Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables Relevant also for statistics on env. related transfer

12 Table B (2002 Compilation Guide) PRODUCERS Specialised producersNon-specialised producers (by industry)Total TRANSACTIONS Government sector Corporations sector with secondary output with ancillary output 1Intermediate consumption 1.1of which EP services 1.2of which ad. & con. products X (X) X (X) X 0 (X) X (X) 2Compensation of employeesXXXX 3Taxes on productionXXXX 4Less subsidies on productionXXXX 5Consumption of fixed capitalXXXX 6Net operating surplusXX0X 7Output (basic prices or cost of production) 7.1Non-environmental output 7.2Environmental protection output XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXX 7.2.1non-market 7.2.2market 7.2.3ancillary XXXX (X) X XXXX X XXXXXX 8Current EP resources 8.1market output (sales) 8.2transfers XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX 9Capital transactionsXX-XX 9.1Gross fixed capital formationXX-XX 9.2Other capital uses (land)XX-XX 9.3Investment grants receivedXX-XX 9.4Other capital transfers receivedXX-XX 10Labour inputsXX-XX 11Stock of fixed assetsXX-XX 12Financing by producersXX-XX X…the transaction is recorded at this intersection. (X)…item not essential. 0…zero by definition. Relevant also for EGSS statistics GVA Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables Relevant also for statistics on env. related transfer

13 Table B1 (2002 Compilation Guide) X…components that are typically important. x…components that are typically small. (x)…components that may non-market EP services market EP services ancillary EP services USES Final consumptionXX- plus intermediate consumption-XX of which by specialised producers-Xnr of which by other producers-XX plus capital formation (land improvement)xx- plus exports-(x)- equals total uses (at purchasers' price)XXX SUPPLY Output (basic prices or cost of production)XXX plus imports (cif)-(x)- plus non-deductible VATXX- plus taxes on imports other than VAT-(x)- plus taxes on products other than VATxx- less subsidies on productsxx- equals total supply (at purchasers' prices)XXX Relevant also for EGSS statistics Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables

14 Table C (2002 Compilation Guide) In the table, a ‘t’ indicates (usually indirect) financing through specific taxes (or voluntary contributions) of households and producers USERS/BENEFICIARIES FINANCING UNITSProducersConsumersRest ofTotalof which specialisedotherhouseholdsgovernmentthe world current expenditure General government Central government Local government NPISHs Corporations Specialised producers Other producers Households x t,x t x t t,x x t t,x xx-tttxx-ttt xxxtttxxxttt xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx National expenditurexxxxxxx Rest of the worldxxxxxxx Uses of resident unitsxxxxxxx Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables

15 Table C1 (2002 Compilation Guide) SECTORS CorporationsHouseholdsGovernmentTotal ELEMENTS OF NET COSTSSpecialisedOtherincluding NPISHs 1Financing of current national expenditure 2Non-deductible VAT on current expenditure 3Taxes on production x--x-- x--x-- x--x-- x -x x -x 4Net operating surplus 5Any other profits x-x- -x-x -x-x ---- xxxx 6Interest on fixed capitalxxxxx Net cost of environmental protection: ( )xxxxx Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables

Recommendations  Tables described in 1994 SERIEE and in 2002 Compilation guide hold also for RUMEA and still remain the methodological reference  The handbook should: Highlight the main aggregates and describe their meaning Emphasize that RM activities and expenditures should be accounted for separately from the RU ones Highlight how to combine EP, RM and RU aggregates in order to obtain meaningful figures Emphasize that for calculating the main aggregates a number of transactions have to be accounted for consistently with national accounts, by means of the SERIEE-type accounting tables Suggest, as a starting point, a simplified version of the accounting tables focused on the minimum set of aggregates and transactions required Highlight the aggregates and transactions that are relevant for other statistics like e.g. statistics on EGSS, environmentally related transfers, … Accounting tables, aggregates and main variables Proposals

Accounting tables and their main aggregates EP production costs and investments at basic prices by producer EP supply and uses at purchasers’ prices by kind of uses EP uses (intermediate consumption, final consumption, GFCF) at purchasers’ prices by user EP uses at purchasers’ prices cross classified by user and financer Net cost of current EPE by institutional sector (e.g. excluding NOS of EP producers, VAT received bY GG) Table B Production table Table B1 Supply–use table Table A Uses (expenditure) table Table C Financing of expenditure Table C1 Net cost of environment al protection Main aggregates, price system, break down Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

The EPEA tables: ‘magic formula’ Table B Production table Table B1 Supply–use table Table A Uses (expenditure) table Table C Financing of expenditure Table C1 Net cost of environment al protection Table B Production table Table B1 supply–use table Table A Uses (expenditure) table Table C Financing of expenditure Table C1 Net cost of environmental protection OUTPUT of EP services FROM OUTPUT TO USES: introduction of imports/exports and USES of EP services by resident units FINANCING of: uses of EP services FINANCING of CURRENT: uses of EP services taxes/subsidies on products Gross capital Costs of capital formation plus (interest) land acquisition uses of adapted & connected products uses of ad. & con. products specific transfers less EP benefits environmental taxes Source: Eurostat (2002), SERIEE Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts – Compilation Guide, Luxembourg. Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Table B Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

What’s Table B?  The main tasks for implementing the table B  calculation of output of characteristic products  estimation of the consumption of fixed capital - CFC  calculation of non-environmental output  calculation of intermediate consumption of characteristic products by specialised producers The Table B describes the domestic production of characteristic products i.e. the output of the environmental “characteristic activities”, and the related gross capital formation (i.e. investment) of the producers and employment. The production of characteristic products is presented by producers (mainly specialised producers and non-specialised producers) ant by type of output (market output, non-market output and ancillary output). Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Transactions: the upper part of the Table B Filling in the tables: mainstream technique SOURCES  Production and generation of income account broken down by NACE and institutional sector + possible further statistics for isolating the env. part (Stat. and registers of possible business associations)  Direct survey (as e.g. the SBS for EPEA)  Supply and use tables + possible further statistics for isolating env. secondary output

Transactions: the lower part of the Table B  labour inputs (row 10): national accounts data on full time equivalent job broken down by NACE and institutional sector + possible further statistics for isolating the env. part Filling in the tables: mainstream technique SOURCES  Production and generation of income account broken down by NACE and institutional sector + possible further statistics for isolating the env. part (Stat. and registers of possible business associations)  Direct survey (as e.g. the SBS for EPEA)  stock of fixed assets (row 11): national accounts data on stock broken down by NACE and institutional sector + possible further statistics for isolating the env. part  A calculated item: financing by producers (row 12) = row7.2 - row8 + row9.1 + row9.2 - row9.3 - row9.4

Figures of Table B which enter the other tables (1) To Table B1 - Uses To Table B1 - Supply To Table A - Row 4.1: Implicit subsidies. In the supply-use table the value of market output is entered at basic prices. Therefore, the implicit subsidies do not have to be entered in the supply-use table, they are directly entered in Table A, broken down by users in proportion to their uses of EP services. To Table C1 Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Figures of Table B which enter the other tables (2) To table A - row 2 : Gross capital formation for environmental protection activities Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Table B1 Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

What’s Table B1? The Table B1 describes the supply and use of characteristic products Its most common function is to be a “transition table” which allows to calculate the national uses of characteristic products (to be accounted for in Table A) starting from the domestic production of characteristic products (as recorded in Table B). What do we need to do for making the transition from output as described by Table B to uses?  To account for some transactions  transactions related to imports and exports of characteristic products in order to calculate the “national expenditure” in Table A  transactions related to the system of prices which allow the transition from the output at basic prices to the uses at purchasers’ prices  To allocate the output of characteristic products to use categories (final consumption, intermediate consumption, capital formation) Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

From Table B to Table A through Table B1 … starting from these figures of the upper part of Table B … i.e. to fill in this part of Table A... Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Table B1 at the beginning Directly entered from Table B - rows 7.2.1, 7.2.2, Directly entered from Table B - row 1.1 Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Imports/exports+from basic price to purchaser’s price 1. Imports and exports of EP services are often very small, may be ignored after checking some specific cases (cross border waste or wastewater treatment, recycling of waste in another country) Sources: administrative data (e.g., the ministry of the environment), foreign trade statistics Transition from basic price to purchaser’s price in general: BASIC PRICE non-deductible taxes on products [+] subsidies on products [-] transport charges paid separately [+] trade margins [+] = PURCHASER’S PRICE Transition from basic price to purchaser’s price in the case of characteristic products: BASIC PRICE non-deductible taxes on products [+] (Mainly VAT) subsidies on products [-] (Anyone or very few) = PURCHASER’S PRICE Main source: legislation on VAT and tariffs, data on consumption of characteristic products 2. Transition from basic price to purchaser’s price Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Allocation of output to use (and user) categories. Example for EP services To allocate EP output to uses implies to some extent to allocate the output of EP services to different kinds of users (households, GG, etc). Main methods:  according to physical data on the ‘production’ of waste and wastewater by households (which gives the final consumption part) and corporations (which gives the intermediate consumption parts),  using data on the purchases as available from national accounts (supply- use or input-output tables) or from household surveys and from current expenditure surveys (when these provide separate data on purchases of EP services),  according to data on the receipts of EP producers, when these are sufficiently detailed. Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Relationships between Table B1 and the other tables Directly entered from Table B - row 1.1 Directly entered from Table B - rows 7.2.1, 7.2.2, To Table A - row 1.1 To Table A - row 3 To Table A - row 1.2 Figures which do not enter Table A or come from Table B have to be calculated starting from the available basic data To Table C1 Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Table A Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

What’s Table A? The main objective of Table A is to provide an aggregate indicator of the total economic resources that a country uses for protecting the environment, managing the resources or using the resources: national expenditure, broken down by: kind of use (rows) and kind of user (columns) uses of characteristic products by resident units (except specialised producers to avoid double counting), gross capital formation for characteristic activities (including net acquisition of land), uses of connected and adapted products by resident units (except specialised producers), specific transfers (those transfers not already captured above). Financing by the rest of the world is deducted in order to obtain a national aggregate Main components of national expenditure: kind of use (rows of Table A) Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

National expenditure by kind of user (Columns of Table A)  households as actual consumers of individual characteristic products and connected and adapted products, or as beneficiaries of specific transfers  government in its capacity as consumer of collective services (i.e., as collective consumer of non-market output)  specialised producers of characteristic products for their investment for characteristic activities (usually broken down by on the one hand GG and NPISHs and on the other hand other producers)  other producers as they use characteristic products (including the use of characteristic products produced in-house, i.e. ancillary characteristic products) and connected and adapted products for their intermediate consumption, invest for their ancillary characteristic activities and benefit from specific transfers (usually broken down by industry)  the rest of the world as it benefits from specific transfers Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Table A - Summary presentation The table above summarises the Table A of the EPEA. For the clarity of exposition, the order of rows has been slightly modified in relation to the original table (see 1994 SERIEE manual § 2196) and the classification of users has been simplified. Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

What do we need to do for filling in Table A?  To account for the uses of characteristic products broken down by users (from Table B1 by breaking down uses by users)  To account for the gross capital formation (and net acquisition of land) for characteristic activities broken down by users (i.e. by characteristic producers) (directly from Table B)  To account for the uses of connected and adapted products broken down by users (additional information)  To account for the specific transfers not included in the items above broken down by beneficiaries (additional information)  To account for the financing from the rest of the world broken down by beneficiaries (additional information) Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

To account for uses of characteristic products broken down by users The allocation of characteristic output to uses (for Table B1) implies to some extent to allocate the output of characteristic products to different kinds of users Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

To account for the GCF for characteristic activities broken down by users (i.e. by charactersitic producers) The figures concerning the gross capital formation (and net acquisition of land) for characteristic activities broken down by users (i.e. by characteristic producers) come directly from Table B Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

To account for the uses of connected and adapted products broken down by users  Connected products serves exclusively an environmental objective (e.g. catalytic converters, trash bags, noise reduction windows, septic tanks, solar panels) (full purchaser’s cost)  Adapted products: less polluting, when consumed and/or disposed (e.g. lead- free gasoline, mercury-free batteries, CFC-free products), or less resource intensive at the time of their consumption (e.g. dishwashers and washing machines less water consuming, compact fluorescent lamps, bottles produced with recycled glass (extra cost) Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

To account for the specific transfers broken down by beneficiaries  specific transfers which are not covered by the other components of national expenditure, i.e. which do not take the form of uses of goods and services (compensation for income or capital losses related with char. act., transfers to other countries) (additional information)  specific transfers which are not included in the prices of char. prod. and connected and adapted products (e.g., subsidies leading to lower prices paid by the purchasers) (additional information)  ‘open-ended’ transfers, i.e. transfers that would normally not be recorded in Table A because they only contribute to financing items already included (e.g., investment grants), but which are without a counterpart in the available basic data (additional information)  Implicit subsidies (from table B) MAIN SOURCE: GG BUDGETS Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Filling in Table A - Summary presentation Yellow figures come from Table B Green figures come from Table B1 Violet and blue figures come from additional basic data respect of those used for Tables B and B1 Grey figures are calculated items Rows 5, 6, 7 go to Table C Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Table C Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

What’s Table C? The units which consume characteristic products or connected and adapted products or invest for characteristic activities are not necessarily the financing units, i.e. those actually bearing the expenditure from own resources because units may benefit from specific transfers. Table C describes the financing of national expenditure, by simply cross-tabulating the users or beneficiaries and the financing sectors. GENERAL PRINCIPLE: Usually, the users finance their consumption themselves – deviations from this principle are mostly due to government transfers (e.g. investment grants for characteristic activities, subsidies) or due to taxes earmarked for characteristic activities. Table C describes the financing of national expenditure (calculated in Table A) for each category of user or beneficiary. The column headings of Table C are the same as the headings of Table A so that the total in each column (National expenditure and uses of resident units) is the same as in Table A. The rows of the table distribute the financing units according to the institutional sectors of the national accounts. Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

From Table A to Table C Directly entered from Table A - row 5 Directly entered from Table A - row 7 Directly entered from Table A - row 6 To Table C1 - row 1 Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Table C1 Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

What’s Table C1? The main objective of Table C1 is quantify the net cost that burden on the different categories of resident units due to environmental protection, resource management or resource use This burden only relates to current national expenditure because, from the units' point of view, it would have no meaning to consider gross capital formation (i.e. the acquisition of assets) as a burden. The ‘net cost’ P is calculated for each institutional sector (columns) by adding other item costs or deducting economic benefits (rows) related to environmental protection:  The net operating surplus does not constitute outlays, but resources from the unit's point of view.  Computed interests on fixed assets must be considered as cost.  Receipts from taxes on production and taxes on environmental protection products (in particular non-deductible VAT) are deducted from financing of the general government. Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

Filling in Table C1 starting from other tables Directly entered from Table C – last column Directly entered from Table B – row 6 Directly entered from Table B – row3-row4 Directly entered from Table B1 – supply part Net capital stock X interest rate e.g. savings of energy or raw material, productivity gains Filling in the tables: mainstream technique

48  The handbook should focus on the mainstream technique, i.e. that based on the “magic formula” and national accounts data; it should point out which and how to use basic data. More details and alternative techniques are still provided by the 2002 Compilation guide  The accounting tables should be described by highlighting the national account variables (labels and codes) which the transactions (rows of the tables) correspond to  The accounting tables and methodology for filling in the tables should be described by: Highlighting the relationship among tables Providing the user with worked examples Recommendations Filling in the tables: mainstream technique Proposals

How to describe accounting tables and methodology in the handbook /1  Tables described in 1994 SERIEE and in 2002 Compilation guide hold also for RUMEA and still remain the methodological reference  The handbook should: Highlight the main aggregates and describe their meaning Emphasize that RM activities and expenditures should be accounted for separately from the RU ones Highlight how to combine EP, RM and RU aggregates in order to obtain meaningful figures Emphasize that for calculating the main aggregates a number of transactions have to be accounted for consistently with national accounts, by means of the SERIEE-type accounting tables Suggest, as a starting point, a simplified version of the accounting tables focused on the minimum set of aggregates and transactions required Highlight the aggregates and transactions that are relevant for other statistics like e.g. statistics on EGSS, environmentally related transfers, … Conclusions Proposals

50  The handbook should focus on the mainstream technique, i.e. that based on the “magic formula” and national accounts data; it should point out which and how to use basic data. More details and alternative techniques are still provided by the 2002 Compilation guide  The accounting tables should be described by highlighting the national account variables (labels and codes) which the transactions (rows of the tables) correspond to  The accounting tables and methodology for filling in the tables should be described by: Highlighting the relationship among tables Providing the user with worked examples How to describe accounting tables and methodology in the handbook /2 Proposals Conclusions

51 Many thanks for your attention! ICEDD asbl - Boulevard Frère Orban, 4, 5000 Namur Céline Martin Marco Orsini Maria Jose Lopez Federico Falcitelli