Applications of Geospatial Technologies in Public Health Technology Assessment Adil A. Omer-Abdalla Laura K. Moorhead GISC 6383 – GIS Management and Implementation – University of Texas at Dallas - Fall 2007 – Dr. Stuart Murchison

Topics Introduction Definitions Applications in Public Health Software and hardware requirements Costs Benefits Conclusions 11/01/20072Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

Introduction Public health challenges: – Emerging new diseases – Re-emergence of old diseases – Environmental hazards Geospatial technology changes: – GIS, photogrammetry, GPS, remote sensing, and information technology – More robust and has more features – Accessible to a wider range of organizations – Cheaper and more widely available 11/01/20073Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

Definitions Public Health Geographic Information Science Photogrammetry Remote Sensing 11/01/ Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

Public Health “Public Health is the science and art of protecting and improving the health of communities through education, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and research for disease and injury prevention. Public Health improves the health and well being of people in local communities and across our nation. Public Health helps people who are less fortunate to achieve a healthier lifestyle.” 11/01/20075Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall

Public Health In 1854, Dr. John Snow created a map of cholera cases to help determine the source of the outbreak in London, England—uniting geospatial analysis and public health. 11/01/20076Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall The Broad Street Pump

Geographic Information Science (GIS) “GIS is a collection of computer hardware, software, and geographic data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information.” GIS definition source: 11/01/ Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007 = 1 GSW

Photogrammetry 11/01/2007Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall All air photos: Photogrammetry is the tongue- twisting term for the science and technology of obtaining reliable measurements, maps, digital elevation models, and other GIS data primarily from aerial and space photography.

Photogrammetry 11/01/2007Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall

Remote Sensing Remote Sensing is the art of using electromagnetic radiation (EMR) to acquire information (spectral, spatial, temporal) without coming into physical contact with objects. 11/01/ Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

11/01/2007Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall What is the connection between public health and the geospatial sciences?

Association of Health and Geospatial Technologies 11/01/200712Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007 LOCATIO N GPS Remote Sensing GIS Public Health Photogrammetry

Application to Public Health Analyzing spatial and temporal trends Mapping populations at risk Stratifying risk and environmental factors Assessing resource allocation Planning and targeting interventions Monitoring diseases and interventions over time Provide fast and reliable data for policy and decision makers. 11/01/2007 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall

Public Health Examples Chronic diseases – Cancer – Diabetes Infectious diseases – Tuberculosis – West Nile Virus Environmental health issues – 2007 Southern California fires 11/01/ Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

Cancer Mortality Source: 11/01/200715Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

11/01/200716Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

11/01/2007Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment - UT Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall Tuberculosis

West Nile Virus Why GIS, photogrammetry, and remote sensing apply to the study of West Nile Virus – Vector-borne disease Mosquitoes Habitat Ecology – Epidemiology Horses Birds Humans 11/01/ Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment - UT Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

NASA West Nile Study 11/01/ Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment - UT Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

Source: 11/01/200720Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment - UT Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

11/01/ Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

Source: October 26, 2007, 7:00 a.m. 11/01/200722Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment - UT Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

Source: 11/01/200723Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007 California Wildfires These visualizations (above) display data acquired by the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) onboard NASA's EO-1 satellite. Shortwave infrared surface radiation indicates actively burning areas, which appear bright orange-red to yellow in these images. The left image was captured October 23, and the right was captured October 25. From an animation created using visible image data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-West satellite. The animation covers the period from October 21 to October 23. Images from the satellite are available every 15 to 30 minutes. Smoke plumes from the wildfires are blown due west by powerful Santa Ana winds, drifting hundreds of miles out to sea.

Software and Hardware Requirements Software – ESRI ArcGIS 9.2 – ERDAS Imagine Image Analysis for ArcGIS Hardware – Desktop workstation PC – 22” LCD monitor 11/01/ Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

Costs ProductCost ESRI ArcView 9.2$1,500 ESRI ArcGIS 9.2 3D Analyst$2,500 ESRI Documentation Guides$175 ESRI Training Introduction to ArcGIS$950 Working with Spatial Analyst$1,425 Leica Image Analysis for ArcGIS$3,500 Leica Training Image Analysis for ArcGIS$900 Software maintenance fees 15% of license fee)$735 Satellite imagery (Quickbird standard digital orthophotos for Dallas)$36,000 Air photos (Dallas County, 8 ft resolution)$10,490 Hardware Desktop PC with monitor$2,000 Total$58,375 11/01/ Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007 All costs are approximateSources:

11/01/2007Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall NCTCOG North Central Texas Council of Governments GIS Resources

Benefits Improved response time to public health emergencies Relatively inexpensive Does not require extensive training to interpret or to use Easy to update changes to data and attributes they occur Ability to identify exact locations and measure distances or areas Create powerful analytical maps Data and maps can be shared by multiple users at the same time 11/01/ Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

Conclusions Using these technologies in Public Health provides: – Explaining the pattern of health and environmental issues – The ability to provide accurate data remotely from the locations of incidents – Prediction of the distribution of disease and environmental events – A strong visual tool for health policy and decision makers to take action Ultimate goal: Improve the quality of life 11/01/ Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

References Slide 1: Progression of the West Nile Virus through the Continental United States – Slide 5: Public Health – Slide 6: John Snow Map, UCLA School of Public Health Slide 7: Geographic Information Systems – Gunshot Wound Map, Dallas County, Texas, by Adil A. Omer-Abdalla (2007) – Environmental Systems Research Institute – Slides 8 and 9: Photogrammetry aerial photographs – – – – Slide 10: Remote Sensing – Slide 15: Cancer Mortality – Slide 16: Diabetes – Slide 17: Tuberculosis – Slides 19, 20, and 21: West Nile Virus – – – Texas Department of State Health Services Slides 22 and 23: Southern California Wild Fires – 11/01/ Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007