 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Section B Logic Models: The Pathway Model

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 2 What Is a Program or Logic Model? Provides a visual representation to show logical progression of a program Links program inputs to program outcomes Identifies short-, intermediate-, and long-term outcomes Links these different outcomes to each other Shows other important factors that may influence program outcomes Selects measures to assess each component

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 3 Why Create a Logic Model? Summarizes key elements of your program Explains the rationale behind program activities Clarifies the difference between intended activities and intended outcomes Shows the cause-effect relationships between activities and outcomes  Which activities are expected to lead to outcomes Helps identify the critical questions for your evaluation Provides the opportunity for stakeholders to discuss the program and come to some agreement on its description

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 4 Source: adapted by CTLT from U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2001). Centers for Disease Control Logic Model

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 5 Inputs Resources Activities Time and effort Personnel Technical assistance Materials Equipment Capacity/infrastructure Partner organizations

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 6 Outcomes Outcomes: the changes your program hopes to achieve They are the reasons you are doing your program They are the intended results of the program  Not the process of achieving them Outcomes are usually differentiated as short term or long term to illustrate the sequential nature of change

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 7 Short-Term Outcomes Short-term outcomes: the direct results of the program on its participants  These show why the program activities should lead to long- term outcomes These are also referred to as more upstream outcomes, and they are changes that should occur more quickly  Policy change, attitude change, increase in knowledge, and improved skills

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 8 Long-Term Outcomes Long-term outcomes: reflect the consequences of your program  It usually takes more time to see these changes Sometimes referred to as downstream  These could be changes in behavior, prevalence, consumption, morbidity, mortality, or health status

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 9 *ASSIST = American Stop Smoking Intervention Study Source: Stillman et al. (2003). ASSIST* Evaluation Tobacco Control Research Framework for ASSIST Evaluation

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 10 Pathway Model

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 11 Pathway Template Provides a high-level view of the whole model

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 12 Pathway Model What is the overarching model that guides the project throughout its life?  There are a variety of approaches to developing conceptual models that can be used:  Logic modeling  Concept mapping  Hierarchical outlining  However accomplished, the model acts as a conceptual framework that guides the evaluation throughout the life of the initiative

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 13 Questions What are the key questions at different phases in the life of the project?

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 14 Capacity What is the capacity to conduct evaluation activities throughout the life of an initiative?

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 15 Measures What are the key measures at different phases in the life of a project?

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 16 Stakeholders Who are the key stakeholders at different phases in the life of a project?

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 17 Methods What methods can be used at different phases in the life of a project?

 2007 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 18 Summary Program evaluation is a systematic effort to assess whether your program is making an impact in the areas that you intend Evaluation can be carried out at various levels and stages of a program and allows you to modify your approach or activities if you are not achieving the desired results Evaluation is necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness of your program to funders and can be used to build a case for continued funding Logic models are a simple, straightforward way to summarize your resources and efforts, and they can help you plan your evaluation