Disclaimer: You are responsible for anything we have covered in lecture, lab, or the field through Week 7 (March 4,5). This powerpoint serves as a guideline of general concepts we thought were important from each week. Things may appear on the exam that are not outlined in this review. Format: The midterm exam will be in a practical format, with different stations spaced out around the room. Each question will be worth 1 total point and there will be 40 total questions.

Fish Anatomy Week 1

Definition of Fish Ecology External structures Fin names, operculum, nares, etc. Internal structures Liver, heart, kidney, swim bladder, gonads, etc. Different Scale types Gill Rakers Teeth Caudal Fin Forms

Functional Morphology week 2

Know cladogram traits

Major Trends in Fish Evolution Changes in cranium and jaw structure –Branchiostegal rays –Pre-maxilla separation Changes in movement –Loss of external armor –Fins –Air bladders

Basic Body Shape Fusiform Laterally compressed (Deep-Bodied) Dorso-ventrally compressed (Flat-fish) Cylindrical/Attenuated

Basic Mouth Types Superior Terminal Sub-TerminalInferior

Mouth Shapes O - shaped (maximum area to perimeter) –Creates a vacuum in the water – expanding pre-maxila outward –Found commonly in Planktivores V-Shape or Duck Bill Shape –Vacuum less directed and less powerful –Allows for prey capture from the side –Found commonly in large Piscivores

Put it together with fin placement: Body type/Specialists Rover predators Lie and wait predators (fast start) –Acceleration specialists Maneuvering Specialist Bottom Rovers Bottom Clingers

Week 2 1 st half of WI fishes Families Common names Functional morph questions are fair game Habitat/habit questions are fair game if discussed in lecture

Week 3 Population Ecology Trophic Cascade paper –Concepts, main points, figures –What is a model Different levels to study ecology Defining populations Density Dependence Mark/Recapture analysis Patterns of mortality Autecology: habitat factors/niche How to ID unknown fish with a Becker Key

Week 4 Bioenergetics

Model and analogy Consumption = Metabolism + Waste + Growth Consumption = income Metabolism = rent Wastes = taxes Growth = savings account

Model Components: C onsumption C = G onads  Reproduction ΔB iomass  Growth + (ΔB + G) R espiration  Basal Metabolism A ctive Metabolism  Costs from activity S pecific Dynamic Action  Costs from digestion (R + A + S) Egestion- F & Excretion - U + (F + U)

What we need to run the model? How do we get the data? Growth Temperatures Diets –Energy density of prey Basic physiological parameters –Egestion/excretion –Specific dynamic action –Basal metabolism –Active metabolism

All processes are temp. and size dependent p-value = proportion of max consumption

Consumption and Respiration  Temperature Dependent Specific Rate (g/g/d) Temperature (C) growth SDA excretion egestion Consumption = Cmax starvationUpper lethal loss of growth respiration “Golden Banana”

Consumption and Respiration  Size Dependent Specific Consumption g/g/d Maximum Consumption g//d Weight (g)

Week 5 Competition and Exotics Basic types of species interactions Types of competition Fundamental vs Realized Niches Resource Partitioning/species packing Evidence of Competition (how we measure it) Lotka – Volterra equations Parameters, isoclines, graph interpretation

Week 5 Competition and Exotics Three stages of invasion Common vectors/modes of transport of exotics Common traits of exotics that make them successful Influential exotic species in WI Alewife, goby, zebra mussels, asian carp, spiny water flea, etc.