Land Administration Åse Christensen Polytechnic of Namibia, Namibia Land Administration Course Land Administration, Bachelor Semester 5, February 2015 Lection 4 1

Agenda Land Administration Tenure, value, use Benefits of LA LA perspective LA Processes 2

Land Administration LA is concerned with: ownership, value, and use of land within the overall context of land management. Value – Actual/ assessed capital market value (the price land can be sold for) – Rental value – Construction costs (in regard to insurance if destroyed by i.e. a fire) – The potential to generate income – Use of the land is determining for the wealth it generates and hence its value 3

Property Systems: Tenure, value and use 4 Source: Enemark, 2005

Role of LA LAND ADMINISTRATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IMPROVED LAND ADMINISTRATION Institutions, laws Valuation, land use, ownership Taxation Land delivery processes etc DIRECT EFFECTS  Increased tenure security  Increased transparency of land markets  Improved efficiency  Reduced transaction costs  Increased social equity MARKET RESPONSES  Improved operation of land markets  Enhanced incentives to invest in land  Increased access to finance OUTCOMES  Reduced poverty  Increased incomes  Improved competitiveness  Enhanced sustainability 5

Benefits of good LA Guarantee of ownership and security of tenure o Provide formal identification and, in some systems, legal proof of ownership. o Contain all essential juridical information. o Allow anyone to identify third-party rights as well as the name of the landowner. Support for land and property taxation o Data for mass evaluation is found in the cadastre and land register. o All properties to be included. 6

Benefits of good LA Provide security for credit o Cer tainty of ownership and knowledge of all existing rights. o Give confidence to banks and financial organizations. o Mortgaging requires updated data/ info to guarantee loans. Develop and monitor land markets o Cheap and secure ways of transferring of property rights allows for speed and certainty. o Protection of property rights. 7

Benefits of good LA Protect land resources and support environmental monitoring o Multi-purpose cadastral records are useful for recording conservation areas, providing info of archaeological sites, etc. that needs to be protected. o Used in the preparation of environmental impact assessments. Facilitate the management of state-owned land o The state needs to manage its property assets and ensure efficient use as does the private citizen. 8

Benefits of good LA Reduce land disputes o Many land disputes can be resolved through access to definitive land information. Facilitate rural land reform o Distribution of land to landless, consolidation and redistribution for more effective use requires detailed and updated records. o Compensation payment. o Design of existing and new patterns of ownership provides for greater productivity. 9

Benefits of good LA Improve urban planning and infrastructure development o Well-functioning LA should include records of ownership, land value and use with sociological, economic, and environmental data to support urban planning. Produce statistical data o Data can support resource allocation and measurement of performance/ development and decision making + analysis. 10

LA processes Land Registration Cadastral Surveying and mapping Land Valuation Land Use Planning Land Reform 11

LA processes Land Registration – Recording rights in land (deeds or title). – So persons can trust the info published in the register. 12

LA processes Cadastral surveying and mapping – LIS recording land parcels as part of a country’s LA, conveyancing or land registration system. Includes: Juridical cadastre: Register of ownership of parcels of land. Fiscal cadastre: Register of properties recording their values. Land-use cadastre: Register of land use. 13

LA processes Cadastral surveying and mapping – Multi-purpose cadastre: Register with many attributes of land parcels. – Cadastral surveys & maps need fit to the purpose for which they are produced. – Cadastral surveying is used to describe the survey of land for the purpose of recording ownership rather than value. – Sets out and records the turning points or corners of property boundaries. 14

LA processes Land Valuation: – Classification of each property according to characteristics relating to use, size, type of construction and improvements, data on sales price, rents, building maintenance costs and dates when these applied, determination of value of each real property – based on market values and computer-assisted mass valuation systems. 15

LA processes Land use planning: – Planning of land use, policies, procedures and systems controlling and monitoring the use of land. 16

LA processes Land reform: – Processes involved in altering the pattern of land tenure and land use. – In LA perspective it means restoring land rights, creating new rights or redistributing existing rights. – Might involve changes of tenure of the land. – Urban land reform might involve major infrastructure development, taxation of buildings and the land, change of use of land and properties. 17

Land Administration Systems (LAS) Are concerned with the social, legal, economic, and technical framework. These systems support efficient land market and are concerned with the administration of land as a natural resource to ensure its sustainable development. 18

Land Administration Perspective 19 Comprises an extensive range of systems and processes to administer. Source: Williamson et al., 2010, p. 119

Land Administration Perspective The 4 systems are interrelated: Economic and physical use of land / properties influences the land value. Land value is also influenced by possible future land use – determined by zoning / land- use planning regulations / permit granting. Land-use planning and policies will determine and regulate future land development. 20