BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER THE CIVIL WAR 1850-1877 THE UNION IN PERIL BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER THE CIVIL WAR 1850-1877

THE SOUTH BEFORE THE WAR Rural plantation economy Relied on slave labor “Peculiar Institution” created tension Southerners feared that the loss of slavery would mean lose of culture Family working the cotton field on a Plantation

THE NORTH BEFORE THE WAR The North had a more diverse economy Industry flourished Openly opposed slavery in the South and the new territories More urbanized than South BOSTON HARBOR

Sectionalism States begin to ban together based on basic ideas. Causes country to start to separate.

California Statehood California Gold Rush Population boom let CA apply directly for statehood. Slave State or Free State? CA would upset the “Balance of Power” between the sections

How was the bill passed? Compromise of 1850 Cali. Free State Popular Sovereignty = Mexican Cession States Slave trade in DC ends Stephen Douglas Popular Sovereignty Let new state decide on slavery State Votes

History Alive USH 8-5, Activity 2.1, Slide G

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT Under the FEDERAL law, runaway slaves were not entitled to a trial by jury Anyone helping a slave escape was jailed for 6 months and fined $1,000 Northerners were upset by the harshness of the new law and often helped hide fugitive slaves A HARSH FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW FURTHER INCREASED TENSIONS

History Alive USH 8-5, Activity 2.1, Slide H

Underground Railroad Is the whistle that is located on trains that travel on the underground railroad loud?

Definition A network of secret routes and safe houses used by slaves to escape to free states and Canada with the help of abolitionist.

Harriet Tubman Most famous conductor She made 13 trips to the south to help slaves She helped free over 70 slaves.

Terms Station Master Passangers Stations Conductor People who hide slaves in their homes Passangers Slaves Stations Hiding Spots Conductor Guides

Signals Lanterns identified safe houses. Songs-Slave masters thought they were religious but most of the time they had meaning. Quilt-Patterns depicted different things North Star – Follow the star to freedom Sailboat – Body of water ahead or boat use.