Space Weather in Earth’s magnetosphere MODELS  DATA  TOOLS  SYSTEMS  SERVICES  INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS Space Weather Researc h Center Masha Kuznetsova.

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Presentation transcript:

Space Weather in Earth’s magnetosphere MODELS  DATA  TOOLS  SYSTEMS  SERVICES  INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS Space Weather Researc h Center Masha Kuznetsova & CCMC/SWRC team

Magnetic Field of the Earth The Earth's magnetic field is similar to that of a bar magnet. The magnitude varies over the surface of the Earth in the range 0.3 to 0.6 Gauss.

Earth’s Magnetic Field – Solar Wind Interaction (not to scale) Magnetosphere Earth Magnetopause Sub-solar point The solar wind pushes and stretches Earth’s magnetic field into comet-shaped region called the magnetosphere. The magnetosphere and Earth’s atmosphere protect us from the solar wind and other kinds of solar and cosmic radiation.

Earth’s Magnetic Field – Our Shield (not to scale) Magnetosphere Earth Magnetopause Sub-solar point The magnetosphere is the shield that protects the Earth from the solar plasma particles because they have difficulty in moving across the magnetic field lines.

The Scales of the Universe: The Scales of the Universe: Human scale: (an order of magnitude) 1 meter

The Scales of the Universe: The Scales of the Universe: Gigameter 10 9 m

Spatial Scales in Heliosphere Magnetosphere Earth 1 R E (Earth’s radius) = 6370 km 1 R S (Solar radius) ~ 110 R E 1 AU (Distance between the Sun and the Earth ) ~ 215 R S (not to scale)

Structure and Dynamics of Magnetosphere Depend on Conditions in Solar Solar Wind Dynamic pressure of solar wind Magnetic pressure Solar Wind  - density V - velocityy Typical magnetopause standoff distance is 10 – 12 R E Typical quite solar wind:  ncc V = 400 km/s B = 5 nT

Magnetosphere for Southward and Northward IMF Orientation Structure and dynamics of the magnetosphere is strongly depends on orientation of magnetic field in solar wind (Interplanetary Magnetic Field – IMF) with respect to the Earth’s dipole field

Solar Wind Monitor at Lagrangian Point – L1 L1 (Solar Wind Monitor ACE location): ~ 200 R E sunward You can fit 1 Sun between the Earth and L1. 2 R S (Solar diameter) ~ 220 R E A dvanced C omposition E xplorer

Solar Wind Parameters at ACE on 04/05/2010 nT km/s part/cm 3 Magnetic field B x, B y, B z Velocity Density X: Earth to Sun Z: South to North

Solar Wind Speed at ACE for 9 months

Magnetosphere in Global MHD Simulations d/GM_IM/GM_main.php

Magnetosphere For Steady Solar Wind Conditions

Magnetosphere: Northward IMF X: Earth to Sun Z: South to North Z X

Magnetosphere: Southward IMF

Currents into Ionosphere & Polar Cap Northward IMFSouthward IMF

Magnetosphere: North to South Turning

meridional cut Y=0 equatorial cut Z=0 cross-tail cut X= -15 R E Magnetotail current sheet Magnetopause Magnetotai l Bow shock

Magnetosphere: Quiet vs. Compressed Geosynch. orbit R=6.6 Re Magnetopause

Magnetopause Stand-off Distance r0 <=6.6 Re – model product Events: Apr 5, 2010, Dec 28, 2010 Jan 6, 2011, 22:30 UT Non-event: Dec 1 – 7, 2010 Degree of compression of MP Due to Pdyn of solar wind (interplanetary shock or HSS)

Kp Geomagnetic activity index range from 0-9 disturbance levels of magnetic field on the ground - currents 1.Non-event - period of 12/01/2010 – 12/7/ Moderate event – April 5, Extreme event - Oct 29 – Oct 31, 2003 "planetarische Kennziffer" ( = planetary index). Threshold Kp>=6

Watch the video Mysteries of the Sun : Magnetosphere etosphere.html

Inner Magnetosphere (up to ~ 10 RE) APL Plasmasphere Ring Current Van Allen Belts 1-10 eV keV 400 keV – 6 MeV

Electron Total Flux. Energy 63.3 keV. Color Contour Earth radius Equatorial Plane Magnetopause Geosynch. Orbit

Ring Current: Quiet vs. Active

HSS and Radiation Belt Electron Flux Enhancement NASA/GSFC, internal use only :-)

iSWA Layout: 04/05/ =1372&h_1=403&s_1= %2000:00:00.0!3!&i_2=335&l_2=32&t_2=300&w_2=800&h_2=400&s_2= %2022:30:00.0!3!&i_3=41&l_3=878&t_3=734&w_3=495&h_3=416&s_3= %2010:00:00.0_0_10_3&i_4=51&l_4=858&t_4=1209&w_4=509&h_4=477&s_4= %2010:00:00.0_1_80_3&i_5=337&l_5=836&t_5=300&w_5=800&h_5=400&s_5= %2000:00:00.0!3!&i_6=323&l_6=8&t_6=2552&w_6=1370&h_6=390&s_6= %2000:00:00.0!3!&i_7=325&l_7=6&t_7=1700&w_7=1380&h_7=408&s_7= %2000:00:00.0!3!&i_8=125&l_8=390&t_8=2965&w_8=646&h_8=418&s_8= %2023:56:00.0_0_10_3&i_9=39&l_9=175&t_9=1226&w_9=493&h_9=409&s_9= %2010:00:00.0_0_10_3&i_10=43&l_10=33&t_10=722&w_10=792&h_10=468&s_10 = %2010:00:00.0_0_10_3