The Bases of Energy: forms, units and efficiency

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Presentation transcript:

The Bases of Energy: forms, units and efficiency

EGEE 102 - Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Energy Efficiency Energy Conversion Device Useful Energy Output Energy Input Energy Dissipated to the Surroundings Energy is put into a device in one form or the other and that energy exits in two streams 5. Energy Efficiency

Illustration An electric motor consumes 100 watts (a joule per second (J/s)) of power to obtain 90 watts of mechanical power. Determine its efficiency ?

Efficiency of Some Common Devices Electric Motor Home Oil Furnace Home Coal Furnace Steam Boiler (power plant) Power Plant (thermal) Automobile Engine Light Bulb-Fluorescent Light Bulb -Incandescent Efficiency 90 65 55 89 36 25 20 5

Vehicle Efficiency – Gasoline Engine EGEE 102 - Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Vehicle Efficiency – Gasoline Engine 25% Of the gasoline is used to propel a car, the rest is “lost” as heat. i.e an efficiency of 0.25 5. Energy Efficiency

Heat Engine A heat engine is any device which converts heat energy into mechanical energy. Accounts for 50% of our energy conversion devices

Carnot Efficiency Maximum efficiency that can be obtained for a heat engine Temperature is in ° Kelvin

540 ° C = 540 +273 ° K = 813 °K 20 °C = 20 + 273 = 293 °K

EGEE 102 - Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Inference A maximum of 64% of the fuel energy can go to generation. To make the Carnot efficiency as high as possible, either T hot should be increased or T cold should be decreased. 5. Energy Efficiency

Schematic Diagram of a Power Plant Stop and explain the efficiency of a typical US power plant

Boiler Components

Overall Efficiency Overall Eff = Electric Energy Output (BTU) x 100 Chemical Energy Input (BTU) = 35 BTU x 100 100 BTU = 35% Overall Efficiency of a series of devices = (Thermal Energy)x(Mechanical Energy) x(Electrical Energy) Chemical Energy Thermal Energy Mechanical Energy

Overall Efficiency Cont.. (Thermal Energy)x(Mechanical Energy) x(Electrical Energy) Chemical Energy Thermal Energy Mechanical Energy = E boiler x E turbine x E generator = 0.88 x 0.41 x 0.97 = 0.35 or 35%

System Efficiency The efficiency of a system is equal to the product of efficiencies of the individual devices (sub-systems)

Efficiency of a Space Heater Electricity = 24% Fuel Oil = 53% Natural Gas = 70%

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