Themes: Structure meets Function

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Enzyme Activity The properties of enzymes related to their tertiary structure.The effects of change in temperature,pH,substrate concentration,and competitive.

Advertisements

Enzymes a special type of protein.

Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules

Identify and Investigate the role of enzymes.

Enzymes Mrs. Harlin Explain how enzymes act as catalysts for biological reactions.

Understanding Enzymes Academic Biology. Enzyme A large protein molecule Specific shape with deep folds on its surface Deep folds form pockets called active.

Enzymes Jennifer Naples Biology. What is an Enzyme? An enzyme is a biological catalyst What is a catalyst? Something that makes a chemical reaction happen.

Catalysts of Life. Review of Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is a process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another Reactants.

 Proteins have many different functions in the body  Structure – proteins help provide structure and support, make up muscles and bones.

Proteins. involved in EVERYTHING! – structural AND functional (enzymes = most important) tens of thousands of different proteins – each has a specific.

Why are enzymes important to living things?

HONORS BIOLOGY.  Pick up worksheets  Pick up notes  Do Section A in the worksheet.

Enzymes.  Proteins play major roles in the cell, but none as important as making up enzymes.  Enzymes permit reactions to occur at rates of thousands.

Regents Biology Enzymes – Chapter 2.4 Regents Biology A. Flow of energy  Life is built on chemical reactions.

Enzymes Proteins in Action. Enzymes are Proteins Most enzymes are globular proteins. Like all proteins, enzymes are made up of chains of amino acids.

Cell Biology: Enzymes Lesson 2 – Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity ( Inquiry into Life pg )

Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Section 2.4. Chemical Reaction Review Reactions involve changes in the chemical bonds of substances. Mass and energy are.

Enzymes Enzymes are proteins Enzymes are biological catalysts

Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules

Protein Structure Primary - sequence of amino acids Secondary – folding into pleated sheets or alpha helix Tertiary – 3-D structure, completely folded.

Enzyme Structure and Function Protein catalysts. Enzymes are Catalysts This means that enzymes help speed up chemical reactions. How? Enzymes lower the.

Biological catalysts.  Enzymes: proteins inside cells that act as a catalyst.  Proteins = long amino acids chains that are folded into a specific shape.

ENZYMES & ENERGY ACADEMIC BIOLOGY. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Proteins pp Proteins Proteins are used for: Amino acids.

Enzymes. Enzymes are… Proteins that act as catalysts (accelerate reactions) by creating a new reaction pathway Are specific for what they catalyze and.

Flow of energy through life  Life is built on biochemical reactions.

Chemical Reactions in Cells The molecule you start with is called the SUBSTRATE (also known as the reactant). The molecule you end up with is called the.

Enzymes. What is an enzyme? Organic catalyst Protein molecule.

Enzymes Chemistry of Living Things. What are we learning? Benchmark: I will explain the role of enzymes as catalysts Objectives: SC.912.L – Explain.

ENZYMES. Enzymes help with most chemical reactions in the body.

Chapter 3 Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions: – Involve breaking of chemical bonds in reactants Requires activation energy – Making new chemical.

Lesson 5 Enzymes. Catalyst: something that increases the rate of reactions Enzymes are biological catalysts Often ends with –ase Most enzymes are proteins.

PROTEINS Proteins Composed mainly of –Carbon –Hydrogen –Nitrogen.

Enzymes. What are enzymes? Special proteins that coordinate the cell’s activities Important: 1)All enzymes are proteins 2)All proteins are NOT enzymes.

Eleni Hadjipanteli Substrate Enzyme. What are Enzymes? Organic molecules; Proteins *Globular *suffix –ase Catalysts that help speed up reactions Power.

Metabolism Lecture 5, part 2 Fall 2008

Proteins Made of amino acids in a specific sequence attached by peptide bonds. Consist primarily of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, but may include.

Draw an amino acid.

Enzymes Living organisms are dependent on chemical reactions to survive. These chemical reactions happen TOO SLOWLY or require TOO MUCH ENERGY for us.

Enzymes Page 23.

Study Question: What are enzymes?

Enzymes and Proteins.

Enzymes What do you know already? What are they?

Identify and Investigate the role of enzymes.

Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions

Enzymes Biological catalyst – it speeds up reactions without being permanently changed.

ENZYME Enzyme Reaction Energy of reaction Factors affect rate Other.

o They are mainly proteins o They are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of the biochemical reaction.

Chemistry of Living Things

Presentation transcript:

Themes: Structure meets Function Enzymes Themes: Structure meets Function

Objectives How does the structure of an enzyme affect its function?

Chemical reactions in living things Many important biological reactions (such as dehydration synthesis) happen very slowly. The substrates (ingredients) have to be in the right position

Enzymes Catalysts: Speed up reactions They align substrates correctly Shape is important!

How do enzymes work?

On the previous slide, be able to label: Enzyme (catalyst): Speeds up reaction Substrate: Material the enzyme is changing. (what you start with) Products: what you end with Active site: Portion of the enzyme that is interacting with the substrate.

Structure Meets Function Enzymes have a very specific shape. An enzyme cannot act on a substrate unless it fits like a “lock and key”

4 levels of structure Primary: sequence of amino acids Secondary: folding caused by H-bonding Tertiary: folding caused by ionic, hydrophobic, or disulfide bonds Quaternary: multiple subunits

4 levels of structure

Homeostasis of Enzymes What four factors affect enzyme activity: pH Temperature Enzyme Concentration Substrate Concentration

Denatured Protein Denaturation: When environmental conditions change the structure of the enzyme so that it can NO longer function (ever again!!!)

What affects how enzymes work?

Enzyme inhibitors Competitive inhibition: another molecule competes for the active site. Allosteric inhibition: something binds to the enzyme and changes the shape of the active site.