Types of Reactions

Synthesis Occurs when 2 or more reactants form a single product Occurs when 2 or more reactants form a single product A + B  AB A + B  AB A and B are either an element or a compound (more than one element bonded together) A and B are either an element or a compound (more than one element bonded together) AB is a compound made from A and B AB is a compound made from A and B

Example of Synthesis Ca + O 2  Ca + O 2  Ca + O 2  CaO Ca + O 2  CaO 2Ca + O 2  2CaO 2Ca + O 2  2CaO CO 2 + H 2 O  CO 2 + H 2 O  CO 2 + H 2 O  H 2 CO 3 CO 2 + H 2 O  H 2 CO 3 KEY – They make one PRODUCT KEY – They make one PRODUCT

Decomposition Occurs when a single compound (reactant) is broken down into 2 or more smaller compounds or elements. Occurs when a single compound (reactant) is broken down into 2 or more smaller compounds or elements. AB  A + B AB  A + B AB is a compound made from A and B AB is a compound made from A and B A and B are either elements or compounds A and B are either elements or compounds

Examples of Decomposition H 2 O  H 2 O  H 2 O  H 2 + O 2 H 2 O  H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O  2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O  2H 2 + O 2 CaCO 3  CaCO 3  CaCO 3  CaO + CO 2 CaCO 3  CaO + CO 2 KEY – 1 reactant to 2 or more products KEY – 1 reactant to 2 or more products

Single-Replacement Occurs when an uncombined element takes the place of an element that is part of a compound Occurs when an uncombined element takes the place of an element that is part of a compound A + BX  AX + B A + BX  AX + B A and B are elements A and B are elements BX and AX are usually ionic compounds BX and AX are usually ionic compounds MAKE SURE YOU BALANCE THE CHARGES MAKE SURE YOU BALANCE THE CHARGES

Examples of Single-Replacement Mg + CuSO 4  Mg + CuSO 4  Mg + CuSO 4  MgSO 4 + Cu Mg + CuSO 4  MgSO 4 + Cu Fe + CuSO 4  Fe + CuSO 4  Fe + CuSO 4  FeSO 4 + Cu Fe + CuSO 4  FeSO 4 + Cu Cl 2 + KI  Cl 2 + KI  Cl 2 + KI  KCl + I 2 Cl 2 + KI  KCl + I 2 Cl 2 + 2KI  2KCl + I 2 Cl 2 + 2KI  2KCl + I 2

Double-Replacement Occurs when 2 atoms or ions from two different compounds replace each other Occurs when 2 atoms or ions from two different compounds replace each other USUALLY HAPPENS WITH IONIC COMPOUNDS USUALLY HAPPENS WITH IONIC COMPOUNDS AX + BY  AY + BX AX + BY  AY + BX A and B switch A and B switch MAKE SURE YOU BALANCE THE CHARGES MAKE SURE YOU BALANCE THE CHARGES

Examples of Double Replacement NaCl + AgNO 3  NaCl + AgNO 3  NaCl + AgNO 3  NaNO 3 + AgCl NaCl + AgNO 3  NaNO 3 + AgCl AgNO 3 + ZnCl 2  AgNO 3 + ZnCl 2  AgNO 3 + ZnCl 2  AgCl + Zn(NO 3 ) 2 AgNO 3 + ZnCl 2  AgCl + Zn(NO 3 ) 2 2AgNO 3 + ZnCl 2  2AgCl + Zn(NO 3 ) 2 2AgNO 3 + ZnCl 2  2AgCl + Zn(NO 3 ) 2

Combustion When a hydrocarbon (made up of Hydrogen and Carbon) burns in Oxygen to produce Carbon Dioxide and Water. When a hydrocarbon (made up of Hydrogen and Carbon) burns in Oxygen to produce Carbon Dioxide and Water. Examples Examples C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 2 H 5 OH + O 2  C 2 H 5 OH + O 2  C 2 H 5 OH + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O C 2 H 5 OH + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O C 2 H 5 OH + 3O 2  2CO 2 + 3H 2 O C 2 H 5 OH + 3O 2  2CO 2 + 3H 2 O

Acid - Base Reactions When an acid (starts with H ) and base (ends in OH) react, they form a salt and H 2 O When an acid (starts with H ) and base (ends in OH) react, they form a salt and H 2 O Examples Examples HCl + NaOH  HCl + NaOH  HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H 2 O HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H 2 O HF + Mg(OH) 2  HF + Mg(OH) 2  HF + Mg(OH) 2  MgF 2 + H 2 O HF + Mg(OH) 2  MgF 2 + H 2 O 2HF + Mg(OH) 2  MgF 2 + 2H 2 O 2HF + Mg(OH) 2  MgF 2 + 2H 2 O

Easy Reference Synthesis – 1 product Synthesis – 1 product Decomposition – 1 reactant Decomposition – 1 reactant Single-Replacement – reactants & products have an element and a compound Single-Replacement – reactants & products have an element and a compound Double-Replacement – reactants & products are made up of compounds Double-Replacement – reactants & products are made up of compounds Combustion – CH’s yield CO 2 & H 2 O Combustion – CH’s yield CO 2 & H 2 O Acid/Base Reaction – one reactant starts with H- and the other ends in -OH Acid/Base Reaction – one reactant starts with H- and the other ends in -OH