Use of Insecticide- Treated Soybean Seed by SCC-33 OVTs Don Dombek University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture

Presentation Outline Survey of SCC-33 OVTs Survey of SCC-33 OVTs Survey of Selected Seed Companies Survey of Selected Seed Companies Recent Research on Insecticide-Treated Seed Recent Research on Insecticide-Treated Seed Questions and Discussion Questions and Discussion

Survey of SCC-33 OVTs Surveyed 10 programs. Surveyed 10 programs. 8 responded 8 responded 11 questions 11 questions

Do you allow companies to enter insecticide-treated seed? GA - No GA - No TN - No TN - No NC - Yes NC - Yes MS - No MS - No MO - Yes MO - Yes KY - Yes KY - Yes AR - No AR - No AL - Yes AL - Yes

If not, why? GA - Not used by seed companies GA - Not used by seed companies TN - Not common on commercial seed TN - Not common on commercial seed MS - Want same treatments on all entries MS - Want same treatments on all entries AR – No supporting research, not used by most growers AR – No supporting research, not used by most growers

If you don’t allow the entry of ITS, do you treat seed when received? GA - No GA - No TN - No TN - No MS - No MS - No AR – No AR – No

Has your policy recently changed? If so, why? GA – No. GA – No. TN – No, but probably will. TN – No, but probably will. NC - NA (No?). NC - NA (No?). MS - No, but probably will. MS - No, but probably will. MO - NA (No?). MO - NA (No?). KY - Yes, to test RR2 and LL varieties in KY - Yes, to test RR2 and LL varieties in AR - No, but probably will. AR - No, but probably will. AL – Yes, started allowing ITS in AL – Yes, started allowing ITS in 2009.

If you allow companies to enter ITS, do you require MSDSs? GA - No, maintain notebook with all MSDSs. GA - No, maintain notebook with all MSDSs. TN - No, look them up. TN - No, look them up. NC - No, already have them. NC - No, already have them. MS - Yes. MS - Yes. MO - Yes. MO - Yes. KY - No, but all treatments must be listed. KY - No, but all treatments must be listed. AR - No, but all treatments must be listed. AR - No, but all treatments must be listed. AL - Yes. AL - Yes.

If you pack ITS, what safety precautions do you use? GA – Respirators, glasses, shields or Tyvek suits. GA – Respirators, glasses, shields or Tyvek suits. TN – Respirators and gloves. TN – Respirators and gloves. NC – Respirator, gloves, lab coat, and NC – Respirator, gloves, lab coat, and ventilated room. ventilated room. MS – Rubber gloves and good ventilation. MS – Rubber gloves and good ventilation. MO – Respirator, gloves and glasses. MO – Respirator, gloves and glasses. KY – Gloves, mask, large exhaust fans. KY – Gloves, mask, large exhaust fans. AR – Long sleeves, gloves, masks, goggles. AR – Long sleeves, gloves, masks, goggles. AL – Gloves, mask and other as required. AL – Gloves, mask and other as required.

What type of seed packing equipment do you use? GA - Seed counters. GA - Seed counters. TN - Seed counters and volumetric metering machines. TN - Seed counters and volumetric metering machines. NC - Old Mill seed counter. NC - Old Mill seed counter. MS - Old Mill seed counter then by volume. MS - Old Mill seed counter then by volume. MO - vibrating bowl counter then by volume. MO - vibrating bowl counter then by volume. KY seed-count board then volumetric KY seed-count board then volumetric AR – 100-count then Speed Dee (volumetric) AR – 100-count then Speed Dee (volumetric) AL – Seedboro Count-A-Pak seed counter. AL – Seedboro Count-A-Pak seed counter.

Do most growers in your area use ITS? GA – Crop dependent. GA – Crop dependent. TN – No. TN – No. NC – No. NC – No. MS – Not sure but use is increasing. MS – Not sure but use is increasing. MO – Not sure but not a majority. MO – Not sure but not a majority. KY – Probably not but available as an option. KY – Probably not but available as an option. AR – Estimated 10% in 2008 and 20% in AR – Estimated 10% in 2008 and 20% in AL – No but increasingly as “insurance” for expensive seed. AL – No but increasingly as “insurance” for expensive seed.

Has research been conducted in your area to determine if ITS is cost effective? GA – Yes. GA – Yes. TN – Yes, with variable results. TN – Yes, with variable results. NC – Not aware of any. NC – Not aware of any. MS – Yes, by seed companies. MS – Yes, by seed companies. MO – Probably but don’t know. MO – Probably but don’t know. KY – Yes, 5-year study showed no significant yield increase. KY – Yes, 5-year study showed no significant yield increase. AR - Yes. AR - Yes. AL – Yes, in 2008 but was inconclusive. AL – Yes, in 2008 but was inconclusive.

In 2010 will you allow entries with ITS if companies won’t enter them unless you do? GA – Yes (previously didn’t allow ITS). GA – Yes (previously didn’t allow ITS). TN – Probably (previously didn’t allow ITS). TN – Probably (previously didn’t allow ITS). NC – Yes (previously allowed ITS). NC – Yes (previously allowed ITS). MS – Yes (previously didn’t allow ITS). MS – Yes (previously didn’t allow ITS). MO – Yes (previously allowed ITS). MO – Yes (previously allowed ITS). KY – Yes (previously allowed ITS). KY – Yes (previously allowed ITS). AR – Probably (previously didn’t allow ITS). AR – Probably (previously didn’t allow ITS). AL – Yes (previously allowed ITS). AL – Yes (previously allowed ITS).

Survey of Selected Seed Companies Surveyed 24 companies. Surveyed 24 companies. 9 responded 9 responded 5 questions 5 questions

Will all, part or none of seed that your company sells be IT? Bayer (LL) – Part of it, by request of grower. Bayer (LL) – Part of it, by request of grower. Terral – None. May be treated by retailer. Terral – None. May be treated by retailer. Syngenta – 60% plus on-site treatment. Syngenta – 60% plus on-site treatment. Stine – RR2 only. Stine – RR2 only. CPS/DynaGro – Part of it, by request of grower CPS/DynaGro – Part of it, by request of grower Stratton Seed – Part of it, by request of grower. Stratton Seed – Part of it, by request of grower. Monsanto – Almost all RR2 seed. Monsanto – Almost all RR2 seed. Pioneer – Offered in limited geographic areas. Pioneer – Offered in limited geographic areas. Hornbeck – 85% of RR2 seed, other by request. Hornbeck – 85% of RR2 seed, other by request.

If all or part will be treated, with what product(s)? Bayer (LL) – Trilex 6000 and other by request? Bayer (LL) – Trilex 6000 and other by request? Terral – Decision left to retailer. Terral – Decision left to retailer. Syngenta – CrusierMaxx. Syngenta – CrusierMaxx. Stine – RR2 with CruiserMaxx Stine – RR2 with CruiserMaxx CPS/DynaGro – Crusier, Gaucho CPS/DynaGro – Crusier, Gaucho Stratton Seed – CruiserMaxx Stratton Seed – CruiserMaxx Monsanto – RR2 with Acceleron Monsanto – RR2 with Acceleron Pioneer - Gaucho Pioneer - Gaucho Hornbeck – Various at request of grower. Hornbeck – Various at request of grower.

Has your policy on IST recently changed? If so, why? Bayer (LL) – Yes, all seed treated in Bayer (LL) – Yes, all seed treated in Terral – No. Terral – No. Syngenta – CrusierMaxx is policy for Syngenta – CrusierMaxx is policy for Stine – Switched to CruiserMaxx. Stine – Switched to CruiserMaxx. CPS/DynaGro – Not since CPS/DynaGro – Not since Stratton Seed – No. Stratton Seed – No. Monsanto – Yes, to maximize yield potential. Monsanto – Yes, to maximize yield potential. Hornbeck – No. Hornbeck – No.

If all or part will be treated, will you provide OVTs untreated if required? Bayer (LL) – Yes... Bayer (LL) – Yes... Terral – Yes, but... Terral – Yes, but... Syngenta – Yes, but... Syngenta – Yes, but... CPS/DynaGro – Yes, but... CPS/DynaGro – Yes, but... Stratton Seed – Yes, but... Stratton Seed – Yes, but... Monsanto – “General policy is to forego entry of RR2s in OVTs that require untreated seed.” Monsanto – “General policy is to forego entry of RR2s in OVTs that require untreated seed.” Pioneer – Yes, but... Pioneer – Yes, but... Hornbeck – Yes, but... Hornbeck – Yes, but...

Insecticide Seed Treatments (IST’s) For Soybean in the Midsouth, 2008 Gus Lorenz, Roger Leonard, Scott Stewart, Angus Catchot

Soybean Production Systems Less and Less Tillage Weed Control Systems (RR) Higher Input Costs; Higher Yields Reduced Seeding Rates Earlier and Earlier Planting Seedling Stresses Insect Pests Pathogens Seedling Stresses Insect Pests Pathogens

Control Soybean Insects – 2007 The roots and nitrogen-fixing nodules of soybean plants are damaged by several insects that inhabit the soil. This list includes beetle larvae, soybean nodule fly larvae, white grubs and wireworms, etc. Additionally, there are several pests of seedling soybean above ground. No treatment thresholds have been determined yet for these pests and control measures for this kind of damage are not recommended. Seed treatments are currently being evaluated. Control Soybean Insects – 2007 The roots and nitrogen-fixing nodules of soybean plants are damaged by several insects that inhabit the soil. This list includes beetle larvae, soybean nodule fly larvae, white grubs and wireworms, etc. Additionally, there are several pests of seedling soybean above ground. No treatment thresholds have been determined yet for these pests and control measures for this kind of damage are not recommended. Seed treatments are currently being evaluated.

Soybean IST Performance

Treated Untreated TreatedUntreated Unt Treated

Related to Plant Health - Insect Pest Complex

Horseshoe Lake, AR 2006

Soybean IST Performance Mid-South bu/Acre Average 1 Cruiser (1.28 oz form/cwt) Trial Number % Probability of Net Return

Soybean IST Performance Mid-South bu/Acre Average 1 (Gaucho oz form/cwt) Trial Number 71% Probability of Net Return

Soybean IST Performance Mid-South bu/Acre Average 79% Probability of Positive Net Return Number of Trials (> 100)Bu/Acre Above/Below Check

Probability of Seed Yield Increase??? Consider Early Season Plant Stresses - Soil Conditions For Seed Germ. - Plant Residue - Burn Down App. Timing - Field History of Pests - Field Yield Potential - Producer Attitude For Inputs - Risk Management Consider Early Season Plant Stresses - Soil Conditions For Seed Germ. - Plant Residue - Burn Down App. Timing - Field History of Pests - Field Yield Potential - Producer Attitude For Inputs - Risk Management

Rates for Soybean Cruiser 5F1.28 oz/ cwt Cruiser Maxx3.0 oz/cwt Gaucho oz/ cwt NipsIt Inside1.28 oz/ cwt Acceleron oz/ cwt