The Fall of Rome 476 CE (AD)

Eastern Rome Carries On The Byzantine Empire Eastern Rome Carries On Western Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire

Constantine (312-337) Watch the video: What details did you learn about Constantine? Ruled the Roman Empire in the west Declared freedom of religion No longer persecuted Christians Christianity became official religion of Rome Founder of Constantinople, moved center of Roman Empire to the EAST (Byzantine)

The Eastern Roman Empire also known as “The Byzantine Empire” In 476 AD – only the western part of the Roman Empire fell. The Eastern Roman Empire, better known as the Byzantine Empire will last for about 1,000 more years. The Emperor Constantine started the empire and developed the city of Constantinople, known as Istanbul today.

Constantinople Once called Byzantium Renamed “City of Constantine,” in 330 AD, became the capital of the later Roman and Byzantine Empires Constantine- Roman Emperor 300s AD Became a Christian Stopped persecution of Christians Moved capital from Rome to Constantinople

Key Location for Trade Goods came into city from all directions Byzantines taxed all goods passing through city Became center of trade w/ rich diversity of people, goods, and ideas Developed a strong military As Constantinople thrives; Western Rome Falls 476- last Roman Emperor thrown out Germanic/Barbaric chief takes power

BYZANTINE COINS

TRADE IN CONSTANTINOPLE City built at major crossroads of land and sea trade routes Located at Bosporus Strait Linked 2 continents: Europe and Asia Diverse people traded goods and ideas

CONSTANTINOPLE AND THE BOSPORUS STRAIT

Fall of Rome 1. Weak and Corrupt Rulers 2. Empire too Big a. Stole money from treasury, were successful generals not politicians, gained the throne through violence 2. Empire too Big a. difficult defending, enemies attacked, conquered territories fought to gain back their independence 3. Economic Problems a. raised taxes, unemployment, inflation 4. Mercenary Army a. Foreign soldiers who fought for pay, motivated by money, not loyal to Rome, could switch sides at any time

The Age of Justinian Great Byzantine Emperor; came from poor family “Last Roman Emperor, First Byzantine Emperor.” Ruled 527- 565 AD Energetic ruler Rarely gave up on tasks Listened to all subjects, wealthy or poor

Positive Results of Justinian’s Rule Byzantine Empire was using disorganized/old Roman laws Some laws even contradicted others Justinian’s Code - Organized collection & explanation of Roman laws used by the Byzantine Empire Became the basis for modern Europe’s legal system Byzantine Culture Blended Greek, Roman, & Christian influences Italy gained from Byzantine manuscripts and knowledge

Nika Riots Blues and Greens vs. Justinian can it be that simple?

CAUSES: Sports teams and their supports were gang like (hooligans in European soccer) Members of the blue and green factions were arrested for murder Two of the accused escaped and received sanctuary at a near by church

January 13, 532 Angry citizens attend the chariot races at the Hippodrome The crowd starting yelling insults at Justinian Eventually the entire Hippodrome was chanting “Nika! Nika! Nika!” which means conquer The crowds broke out of the Hippodrome and did a full on assault of the palace!

RESULTS: Hagia Sophia and much of Constantinople burned to the ground Senators who opposed Justinian’s rule backed the rioters with money and weapons Justinian almost fled without help from his wife, Theodora One of Justinian’s advisors bribed the Blues to leave the Hippodrome, leaving the Greens to be slaughtered by Justinian’s men (30,000 killed)

What do you think this quote means? "Those who have worn the crown should never survive its loss. Never will I see the day when I am not saluted as empress.“ ~ Empress Theodora

At the Bottom of your Notes please Add: Empress Theodora (wife) Advised Justinian on major decisions (not fleeing the Nika Riots) Improved women’s rights and laws protecting women Improved divorce laws

Hagia Sophia

Eastern Roman Empire after Justinian From 395 – 1453, there will never be one ruler controlling the Roman Empire again. Constant fighting between future Emperors with the Persians, Turks, Arabs and the Germanic Tribes. Empire started to weaken from within due to political and religious disputes.

A Religious Dispute Most Byzantines were Christians Many Byzantine Christians did not think the Pope should have authority over their church The pope, emperor, and patriarch often had disagreements Engaged in power struggles Christianity was changing. Began splitting between East and West, just like the Roman Empire. Language was different West (Rome) = Latin East (Constantinople) Greek

Religious Dispute Cont. Church stronger in the West (Pope) than the East (Emperor/Patriarch) Spread of Islam has a great effect on the ERE Beliefs of Roman and Byzantine Christians grew apart Byzantine Emperor Leo III outlawed the use of Icons, has all icons destroyed. Icons- paintings of saints and holy figures that Christians prayed to The Pope excommunicated the Patriarch (Leo III) causing: The Schism- split in the Christian Church in 1054 that created 2 forms of Christianity, The Roman Catholic Church in the West and The Eastern Orthodox Church in the East

A Second Golden Age 900-1000: Byzantines experienced a final period of greatness Basil II- ruled at this time; greatest leader since Justinian The “Bulgar Slayer” A warrior King Fought alongside soldiers Excellent military commander Trade was good, population increased, strong period of creativity, Empire gained back some lost territory Died in 1025, Empire went down ever since.

Basil the Bulgar-Slayer Bulgarians were biggest enemies Eventually defeats them; takes 15,000 captive Blinds 99/100 men Leaves 150 with 1 eye to guide the others to their leader

Basil the “Bulgar-Slayer

West East Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic Greek Latin The Patriarch/Emperor Constantinople Roman Catholic Latin The Pope Rome

The Fall of Constantinople 1100- Turks had taken Asia Minor 1171- Trade war w/ Venice 1200s- Christian Crusaders attacked and ran the city 1261- Byzantines took control back

The Ottoman Turks Led by Mehmed II- Nickname is Mehmed the Conqueror Ruled for 30 years Strengthened the navy to gain control of the Bosporus Strait The siege of Constantinople took 2 months