TONEY L FERGUSON SR. M.B.A., M.P.M Unit 4

Agenda Scientific Management Trends in Human Resources Management Importance of Project Management Q and A Session

Scientific Management

Scientific management is breaking jobs into smaller tasks. Advantages  Increased output  Lower labor costs  Minimal training Disadvantages  Boredom  Lack of motivation  Physical fatigue  Mental fatigue

Motion Study Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8-5 Used to ensure efficiency of motion in a job Frank & Lillian Gilbreth Find one “best way” to do task Use videotape to study motions

Motion Study Guidelines Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8-6 Efficient Use Of Human Body Work simplified, rhythmic and symmetric Hand/arm motions coordinated and simultaneous Employ full extent of physical capabilities Conserve energy use machines, minimize distances, use momentum Tasks simple, minimal eye contact and muscular effort, no unnecessary motions, delays or idleness

Motion Study Guidelines Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8-7 Efficient Arrangement of Workplace Tools, material, equipment - designated, easily accessible location Comfortable and healthy seating and work area Efficient Use of Equipment Equipment and mechanized tools enhance worker abilities Use foot-operated equipment to relieve hand/arm stress Construct and arrange equipment to fit worker use

Trends in Human Resources Management

Famous Quote Employees are companies most valuable resource

Human Resources and Quality Management Employees play important role in quality management Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award winners have a pervasive human resource focus Employee training and education are recognized as necessary long-term investments Employees have power to make decisions that will improve quality and customer service Strategic goals for quality and customer satisfaction require teamwork and group participation Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8-10

Changing Nature of Human Resources Management Scientific management Breaking down jobs into elemental activities and simplifying job design Jobs Comprise a set of tasks, elements, and job motions (basic physical movements) In a piece-rate wage system, pay is based on output Assembly-line Production meshed with principles of scientific management Advantages of task specialization High output, low costs, and minimal training Disadvantages of task specialization Boredom, lack of motivation, and physical and mental fatigue Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8-11

Contemporary Trends in Human Resources Management Job training extensive and varied two of Deming’s 14 points refer to employee education and training Cross Training an employee learns more than one job Job rotation horizontal movement between two or more jobs according to a plan Empowerment giving employees authority to make decisions Teams group of employees work on problems in their immediate work area Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8-12

Trends in Human Resources Management Flexible time  Employees are able to choose work time.  What are advantages?  What are disadvantages? Telecommuting  Employees work electronically from any location  What are advantages  What are disadvantages

Employee Compensation Gainsharing  an incentive plan joins employees in a common effort to achieve company goals in which they share in the gains Profit sharing  sets aside a portion of profits for employees at year’s end Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8-14

Trends in Human Resources Management Why should companies be concerned with Human Capital (People)?  To gain more productivity  To improve morale  To make more money

Project Management

Project Management Process Project unique, one-time operational activity or effort 9-17 Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Project Team and Project Manager Project team  made up of individuals from various areas and departments within a company Matrix organization  a team structure with members from functional areas, depending on skills required Project manager  most important member of project team Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 9-18

Project Management Process Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 9-19

Scope Statement Scope statement  a document that provides an understanding, justification, and expected result of a project Statement of work  written description of objectives of a project Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

Work Breakdown Structure Description of project work activities or tasks It is the map of a project Outlines different levels of a project Lowest level is called work packages Work packages are short duration tasks Cost estimates are included in WBS WBS tracks cost and work performance

Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc Work Breakdown Structure for Computer Order Processing System Project

Gantt Chart Graph or bar chart Bars represent the time for each task Bars also indicate status of tasks Provides visual display of project schedule Slack  amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 9-23

Example of Gantt Chart Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc |||||||||| Activity Design house and obtain financing Lay foundation Order and receive materials Build house Select paint Select carpet Finish work Month

Any Questions Thank you for your attendance this evening. Are there any questions at this time?