EUROnu WP5 Detector Costing EuroNu Annual General Meeting, Strasbourg 3 June 2010 Paul Soler

2 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Introduction o The aim of this talk is to introduce a Work Breakdown Structure and then the fractional cost for each item o The aim is not to give absolute costs but (to the best of our current knowledge) derive some relative costs to define cost drivers for the detectors. o Most of the time I will stay at the 1 st or 2 nd level of the WBS o The WBS is based on previous experience: MINOS, NOVA and MEMPHYS o In some cases I scaled up from previous experience, in other cases I looked up commercial value of components and multiplied by number of expected items or size of work. o I will cover: 100 kton MIND, 24 kton TASD, 600 kton Water Cherenkov (fiducial 440 kton) and Near Netector.

3 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector (MIND) o Baseline for Neutrino Factory: iron (3 cm) + scintillators (2cm) beam 15 m B=1 T 90 m100KT o Main cost drivers: Steel Scintillator Wavelength Shifting fibres Photon detectors Infrastructure (if need to dig cavern)

4 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector (MIND) o However, more realistic shape for toroidal field: iron (3 cm) + scintillators (2cm) beam 15 m B>1 T 120 m107KT o In MINOS: factor of 2 iron wastage o Can reduce wastage to nearly zero through simple shapes Is this feasible structurally? o However, machining cost is also factor 2 (in MINOS this was paid through iron wastage) o Assume factor x2 additional cost of iron from MINOS to MIND 15 m

5 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector (MIND) Bob Wands, FNAL: 0.6T-2.2T with 92 kA-turn Add toroidal field: Idea by A. Bross (FNAL) With Superconducting Transmission Line (STL) could achieve 100 kA-turn with one turn! – only needs 10 cm hole $500/m 100 kA-turn

6 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector (MIND) o Extruded scintillator: earlier costs were roughly –50% materials, 50% processing o Current materials cost for a large detector (20 kT): –~ $3 / kg for polystyrene, dopants, reflective coating o A total of $6 / kg seems possible o Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) now widely available commercially o T2K uses them in most sub-detectors o Coming down in cost: assume ~ €10/channel and ~ €5/channel electronics SiPM (MPPC) from Hamamatsu

7 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 MIND WBS NumItem Cost MIND (k$)% 3Electronics and DAQ Front ends Hubs and interface crate Central system and trigger farm Data acquisition Database Auxiliary systems Electronics management0.1 4Installation Infrastructure Materials receiving and handling Detector assembly Alignment and survey0.1 5Project management Salary support Travel support0.1 Total100 NumItemCost (k$)% 1 Magnets: steel and coils Steel plane fabrication Steel handling fixtures Support structures Magnet coil Detector plane prototypes Steel management0.6 2 Scintillator detector fabrication Scintillator strips Fibre Scintillator modules Photodetectors Multiplex boxes and connectors Calibration systems Assay and test equipment Factories Scintillator management0.5

8 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Totally Active Scintillating Detectors (TASD) 15 m 150 m o Totally Active Scintillating Detector is useful to lower threshold o Magnetisation volume with Superconducting Transmission Line 35.4 KT o With these dimensions: 3 cm 1.5 cm 15 m

9 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 TASD WBS NumItemCost (k€)% 1 Magnets: electronic cavern Magnet STL cable Scintillator detector fabrication Scintillator strips Fibre Photodetectors Multiplex boxes and connectors Detector plane prototypes Calibration systems Assay and test equipment Factories Scintillator management1.9 3Electronics and DAQ Front ends Hubs and interface crates Central system and trigger farm Data acquisition Database Auxiliary systems Electronics management0.0 4Installation Infrastructure Materials receiving and handling Detector assembly Alignment and survey0.1 5Project management Salary support Travel support0.1 Total100.0

10 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Water Cherenkov o Water Cherenkov (ie. MEMPHYS at Frejus) is the baseline detector for a Super-Beam or Beta Beam facility in the context of EUROnu. Fréjus CERN 130km Memphys ~440 kton o Initially there are only three caverns 65 m diam., 60 m height. o Main cost drivers: Excavation Photon detectors 65m 60m Water Cerenkov modules at Fréjus

11 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 NumItemCost (k$)% 1 Photomultiplier tubes Photomultiplier tubes PMT Housing PMT support Cables Calibration systems Assay and test equipment0.4 2 Electronics and DAQ Front ends High Voltage Online computing Data acquisition Database Auxiliary systems Electronics management0.1 Water Cherenkov 3Civil Engineering Cavern excavation Water and services0.4 4Assembly Detector assembly Alignment and survey0.1 5 Project management Salary support Travel support0.1 Total100.0

12 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Near Detector o No near detector design yet, but …. o Near detector needs to have a leptonic TASD like detector with high granularity, a vertex detector for charm measurement and a MIND-like detector for flux extrapolation and muon momentum measurement o Assume these dimensions for costing beam 3 m B=1 T ~20 mMini-TASD 95 t Mini-MIND 460 t VertexDetector

13 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Near Detector NumItemCost (k€)% 1Mini-MIND Steel plane fabrication MIND Scintillator MIND Fibre MIND SIPM MIND Electronics MIND Coil Mind0.1 2Mini-TASD Scintillator TASD Fibre TASD SiPM TASD Electronics TASD Coil4.7 3Silicon vertex Silicon Silicon electronics5.2 4Computing Central system and trigger farm Data acquisition Database0.8 4Installation Infrastructure Materials receiving and handling Detector assembly Alignment and survey0.4 5Project management Salary support Travel support0.8 Total100.0

14 EuroNu AGM Strasbourg, 2 June 2010 Conclusions o An attempt has been made to guess costs and cost drivers for detectors. o So far, very big uncertainties and many things not included. o Rough breakdown of activities per detector are as follows:  100 kton MIND: Steel (39%), scintillator+fibre (20%), photon detectors (10%), electronics (8%), cavern (22%)  24 kton TASD: scintillator+fibre (41%), photon detectors (17%), electronics (11%), magnetic cavern (10%), cavern+installation (16%)  600 kton Water Cherenkov: photomultipliers (48%), cavern (50%)  Near detector (550 t): Mini-MIND (11%), Mini-TASD (41%), Si vertex (31%)