Drift Time Spectrometer for Heaviest Elements Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMarch 2006Mustapha Laatiaoui

Drift Time Spectrometer for Heaviest Elements Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMarch 2006Mustapha Laatiaoui Motivation Atom physics : Relativistic Effects Valence Electron Configuration Element Identification Experiments Drift time measurements on actinides Atoms and Molecules Concept for an Online-Spectrometer Prospects Overview:

5f 6d 19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 37 Rb 38 Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd 47 Ag Bh 108 Hs 109 Mt 11 Na 12 Mg 3 Li 4 Be 1 H 13 Al 5 B 7 N 14 Si 6 C 15 P 16 S F 17 Cl 16 Ar 10 Ne 2 He Ds Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu 68 Er Pu Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 101 Md 102 No 103 Lr 100 Fm 5f 6d 5f 6d 5f Lanthanides (4f) Actinides (5f) 6d s 2 6d 5 6d … Periodic Table of Elements 1

Relativistic Contraction For hydrogene-like mercury (Hg) with Z=80: a.u. V. Burke et al., Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 90, 297 (1967) 

Relativistic Contraction r max : Principal Maximum of the Wave Function of the Outermost Orbital J.P. Desclaux, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 12, 311 (1973) P. Pyykkö, Phys. Scr. 20, 647 (1979)

{ For Uranium (Z=92) E [eV] Shift of Electronic Energy Levels

J.P. Desclaux At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 12, 311 (1973) Valence Electron Configuration & Element Identification r max : Principal Maximum of the Wave Function of the Outermost Orbit o o Fr Cs Rb K Na Li o 5f 3d4d4f

Mc Daniel et al Ion Mobility Spectrometry P.R. Kemper and M.T. Bowers J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 3231 (1990) T [10 -4 s] Co + : 3d 8, 3 F m Co + : 3d 7 4s 1, 3 F Intensity arb. units

Ionic Radii from Drift Time.. d r Ar r ion In Rigid Sphere Model : e: Charge N: Number Density of Buffer Gas Atoms  : Reduced Mass k B : Boltzmann Constant T eff : Effective Temperature : Collision Cross Section  : Higher Order Corrections Relative Measurements : K: Ion Mobility E: Electric Field Strength s: Ion path t drift : drift time

Experimental Setup cm Optical Fiber LPM QMS Buffer Gas Cell Buffer Gas Cell QPIG Channeltron 1x10 -2 mbar 5x10 -7 mbar 2x10 -4 mbar 4x10 -6 mbar TMP 700 l/s TMP 330 l/s TMP 230 l/s TMP 360 l/s Laser Beam 255 Fm Filament

V 220 V 200 V 20 V Laser Beams 188 V 040 z [mm] Computer Simulation SIMION 7 A ° The used Buffer Gas Cell For absolute Measurements!

Measurements PHD Thesis, Achim Dretzke, Mainz

Measurements T Fm D = 0.89(1) ms + T Cf D = 0.91(1) ms + T UO D = 1.09(1) ms + Ab Initio Theorie : J.P. Desclaux

Target Wheel Quadrupole Triplet Condenser Plates for Electric Field Dipole Magnets Beam Dump Quadrupole Triplet Buffer Gas Cell 254 No Beam Objectives: No (Z=102) to Db (Z=105) Z=102: 208 Pb ( 48 Ca,2n) 254 No (t 1/2 =55 s) 5 Ions/s Z=103: 209 Bi ( 48 Ca,2n) 255 Lr (t 1/2 =21.5 s) GSI

Electric Field ( 50 V/cm) 254 No Ion Beam + Drift Time Cell (100 mbar Ar Buffer Gas) Ion Guide Dynode Foils kV e-e- HI + Channeltron kV QMS  _Detector Wheel Fixed  _Detectors Development of an On Line Spectrometer Counts T D [ms] QMS : 40 u QMS : 254 u 30 cm Direct Measurement of T b D  T a,b D = T a D - T b D Trigger +

      Es s Es 246 7,7 m Es 245 1,3 m Es s Es 247 4,7 m Es m Es 249 1,70 h Es 250 2,22 h | 8,6 h Es h Es ,7 d Es ,4 d Es ,3 h | 275,7 d Es ,8 d Es 256 7,6 h | 22 m Fm 247 9,2 s | 35 s Fm 246 1,1 s Fm 245 4,2 s Fm s Fm 251 5,3 h Fm ,4 h Fm 253 3,0 d Fm 254 3,24 h Fm ,1 h Fm 256 2,63 h Fm 244 3,0 ms Fm 243 0,18 s Fm 242 0,8 ms Fm 249 2,6 m Fm 250 1,8 s | 39 m Fm ,5 d Fm 258 0,38 ms Fm 259 1,5 s Fm Es Md 247 2,9 s Md 252 2,3 m Md m | 28 m Md s Md s Md s Md 251 4,0 m Md 256 1,3 h Md m | 56 d Md 257 5,0 h No 250 0,25 ms No s No 252 2,39 s No 251 0,8 s No 253 1,7 m No 258 1,2 ms No m No 255 3,1 m No 256 3,1 s 103 Lr s Lr 253 1,5 s| 0,6 s Lr ,5 s Lr m Lr ,9 s Lr 258 4,35 s 104 Rf ms| 1,2 s Rf 255 1,4 s Rf  s Rf  s Rf 256 6,7 ms Rf 257 4,7 s Rf 259 3,1 s Rf s 105 Db 260 1,5 s Db 257 1,3 s Db 256 2,6 s Db 258 4,4 s Db s 106 Sg 263 0,3 s| 0,9 s Sg 259 0,48 s Sg 258 2,9 ms Sg 265 7,1 s Sg s Sg 261 0,23 s Sg 260 3,6 ms 107 Bh 262 8,0 ms| 102 ms Bh ,8 ms Bh ms 108 Hs 269 9,3 s Hs 265 0,8 ms| 1,7 ms Hs ms Hs 264 0,45 ms 109 Mt ms Mt 266 3,4 ms 110 Ds 271 1,1 ms| 56 ms Ds 273 0,076 |118 ms| ms Ds 269 0,17 ms Rg 274 9,26 ms Rg 272 1,5 ms Rg ,5 ms ,34 ms 113       ,6 s ,8 s ,51 s ms ms ,8 ms ,3 ms ms Rg 280 5,2 s       Bh ,14 s   Bh s?   Mt 270 7,16 ms   Rf ms ms ,10 s         Rg 279 0,17 s Mt 276 1,03 s Mt 275 9,7 ms Db m     Rf 267 2,3 h       Ds 279 0,18 s   ,0 s   ms s ,50 ms       Sg ,14 s Hs ,8 ms     ,69 s 6d Actinides Breeding in High Flux Nuclear Reactors Heavy Ion Induced Nuclear Fusion Reactions 7p ,16 s   Hs ,5 m Ds ,1 s Db ,1 h Prospects:   s   m   Ds 282 1,1 m   Hs m 162 Hs 270 2,4 s Db 259 0,5 s Rf m Lr 252 0,4 s Lr m Lr 262 3,6 h No ms No ms Md m Md ,8 d       Hs 266 2,3 ms Ds 270 0,1 ms| 6,0 ms Sg 262 6,9 ms   Rf ms   No 254 0,28 s| 55 s   Lr 257 0,66 s   Db 261 1,8 s   Bh ms         Bh s   Db s   Lr 259 5,4 s   Md m Rf 268

H. Backe A. Dretzke P. Kunz W. Lauth Institut für Kernphysik Universität Mainz Germany S. Fritzsche Fachbereich Physik Universität Kassel Germany Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Maier-Leibnitz-Labor Germany D. Habs, V. Kolhinen, M. Laatiaoui, J. Neumayr, M.Sewtz, P. Thirolf SHIPTRAP-Collaboration