Intro to STEM ETP 2006—Tanya Mattson This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation (NSF). Introduction to Invention & Innovation Information for this presentation was taken from the CATTS curriculum Unit #1 and Valley City State University Unit #1 readings, unless otherwise noted.

Important Terms Invention Invention Innovation Innovation Discovery Discovery Creativity Creativity Patents Patents Trademarks Trademarks Copyrights Copyrights Science Science Engineering Engineering Technology Technology Design Design

Invention A new manmade device or process

Innovation A better way of doing things A better way of doing things An improvement An improvement

1 st Cell Phone March 6, 1983 Razr 2006 Alexander Graham Bell’s Phone 1876 Old Phone Evolution of the Telephone

Old Computers Dell Computers 2006

Discovery The primary process used in science to uncover new knowledge.

Creativity The ability to see a problem in several dimensions. The ability to see a problem in several dimensions. The ability to truly understand the problem at hand. The ability to truly understand the problem at hand.

Patents Provide inventors with exclusive rights to manufacture a device for a period of time that has been fixed. (Currently 17 yrs.) Provide inventors with exclusive rights to manufacture a device for a period of time that has been fixed. (Currently 17 yrs.) Assigned to individuals, not corporations. Assigned to individuals, not corporations.

Patents Cont. The inventor must keep dated logs in order to prove who invented something first. The inventor must keep dated logs in order to prove who invented something first. “Patent Pending” – the inventor has applied for a patent, but not received it yet. “Patent Pending” – the inventor has applied for a patent, but not received it yet.

Trademarks Trademarks give an individual or corporation a right to identify a product with a graphic symbol that customers can readily recognize for the quality and service they have earned. Trademarks give an individual or corporation a right to identify a product with a graphic symbol that customers can readily recognize for the quality and service they have earned. Generally, a trademark has no time limit. Generally, a trademark has no time limit.

Trademark Examples Adidas Mountain Dew Abercrombie & Fitch Nike

Copyrights Provide the creators of written materials the right to a profit from the sale of their works for a definite period of time. Provide the creators of written materials the right to a profit from the sale of their works for a definite period of time. Related to written material, graphic material, or music. Related to written material, graphic material, or music.

Science The pursuit of new knowledge about nature. The pursuit of new knowledge about nature. Its primary goal is knowledge, not solutions to problems. Its primary goal is knowledge, not solutions to problems.

Engineering The profession in which the knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize economically the materials and the forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. The profession in which the knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize economically the materials and the forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. The deliberate, orderly process through which technology is created. The deliberate, orderly process through which technology is created.

Technology The innovation, change, or modification of the natural environment to satisfy the perceived human wants and needs.

Design The process of designing solutions to technological problems—innovating and inventing.

History of Invention, Innovation and Discovery The greatest difference between science and technology is purpose.

The main purpose of science was curiosity, where the main purpose of technology was a matter of survival. The main purpose of science was curiosity, where the main purpose of technology was a matter of survival. Science and technology need and serve each other while serving mankind. Science and technology need and serve each other while serving mankind.

Early civilizations were based on just a few inventions: The plow The plow Handwriting Handwriting Metallurgy Metallurgy Pottery Pottery Brick making Brick making Stonecutting Stonecutting Spinning Spinning Weaving Weaving Surveying instruments Surveying instruments And more… And more…

7 Mechanisms that affect Invention and Innovation 1.Deliberate search 2.Deliberate search for 1 thing that leads to something else 3.Totally unrelated developments have an effect on the main event

4.Military needs or military inventions give rise to intense development efforts and equally significant social change. 5.Result of religion 6.Weather & other natural forces 7.Pure accident

Invention, Innovation and Discovery Today A few of the most influential factors which are of a different origin than the previous 7 mechanisms…

1.Information and Communication Technology The faster we can communicate, the faster we can influence others with new inspiration and new inventions. The faster we can communicate, the faster we can influence others with new inspiration and new inventions. 2.Specialization of knowledge and teamwork 3.The rise of organized science In the past, discoveries often followed the practical application. In the past, discoveries often followed the practical application. Technology preceded science Technology preceded science Today, technology rarely precedes science Today, technology rarely precedes science

4.The influence of government The need for rapid wartime development of technology tends to push the envelope of efficiency. The need for rapid wartime development of technology tends to push the envelope of efficiency. The funding of research which is often available for the asking. The funding of research which is often available for the asking. Government can also influence invention and innovation by legislation that creates the rules others must play by Government can also influence invention and innovation by legislation that creates the rules others must play by

To promote rapid growth of technology, there had to be something in it for both users and producers, and if the correct balance could be found, it would be good for the country. Intellectual Property

Inventors Thomas Edison Thomas Edison Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin Elijah McCoy Elijah McCoy Eli Whitney Eli Whitney Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell Henry Ford Henry Ford