D. HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT Health policy and management is a multidisciplinary field of inquiry and practice concerned with the delivery, quality and costs of health care for individuals and populations. This definition assumes both a managerial and a policy concern with the structure, process and outcomes of health services including the costs, financing, organization, outcomes and accessibility of care. Competencies: Upon graduation a student with an MPH should be able to… D.1.Identify the main components and issues of the organization, financing and delivery of health services and public health systems in the US. D. 2.Describe the legal and ethical bases for public health and health services. D. 3.Explain methods of ensuring community health safety and preparedness. D. 4.Discuss the policy process for improving the health status of populations. D. 5.Apply the principles of program planning, development, budgeting, management and evaluation in organizational and community initiatives. D. 6.Apply principles of strategic planning and marketing to public health. D. 7.Apply quality and performance improvement concepts to address organizational performance issues. D. 8.Apply "systems thinking" for resolving organizational problems. D. 9.Communicate health policy and management issues using appropriate channels and technologies. D. 10.Demonstrate leadership skills for building partnerships. ASPH Competencies

Course Description: This course focuses on major issues in the organization and financing of the health services system in the US. The following topics are covered: the role of values in the development of health care policy; methods for assessing the health status of populations; techniques for analyzing the need for, access to, and use of health services; racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care; the current supply and distribution of, and policy issues related to, the professions comprising the health workforce; the current supply and distribution of, and policy issues related to, hospitals, ambulatory care facilities, nursing homes, home health care, and other long-term care programs; health care costs and expenditures; and public and private health care financing programs including private health insurance, managed care, Medicare, Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act of 2010 (Health Reform).

HMP 600 Overall Competencies As a result of taking this class, the student will be able to: 1)Demonstrate a deep and broad knowledge and understanding of the history and development of the US health services system. 2)Understand and apply basic epidemiologic principles, measures, and methods to assess the health status of a population; identify risk factors in individuals and communities; evaluate the impact of population- based interventions and initiatives. 3)Assess the extent to which different racial and ethnic sub-populations confront disparities in health status and health care. 4)Demonstrate broad understanding of the various patient-related, provider-related, and system-related factors that are related to the volume and type of health care used by a population. 5)Recognize the interdependence of the different professions within the health workforce, and assess the degree to which each profession is meeting the health needs of the population and the goals of an effective, efficient health services system. 6)Identify the various facilities and programs that exist in a health services system, and assess the degree to which each form of organization, individually and in combination with other types of organizations, is meeting the health needs of the population and the goals of an effective, efficient health services system. 7)Evaluate the degree to which the various types of health care expenditures made by a nation are efficient, effective and sustainable over time. 8)Identify the major characteristics of various health financing programs in the US, including: private insurance and managed care, Medicare, Medicaid and Health Reform 9)Evaluate the likely effect that different models of health insurance and different levels of coverage are likely to have on patients, providers, and the overall health system. 10)Work collaboratively with others as part of a team or group, demonstrating commitment to the team’s goal and encouraging individuals to put forth their best effort.

Competencies for Hospitals Lesson: 1.Understand the hierarchy of health services facilities, i.e. primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care 2.Recognize the extent to which regionalization has occurred in the US 3.Identify the classifications that are used to describe hospitals in the US (e.g. ownership, function, teaching status, size, location, etc.) 4.Understand how the role of the community hospital has evolved in the US health care system 5.Examine the internal organization of community hospitals and relationships between the hospital Board, the Medical Staff and the Executive Office 6.Understand how hospital-physician alignment in community hospitals has changed over the years 7.Examine the role of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) in integrating hospitals and physicians. 8.Assess the role of Community Health Centers (CHCs) in treating low-income populations.

The History of the Hospital Richard L. Lichtenstein, Ph.D. S.J. Axelrod Collegiate Professor of Health Management and Policy University of Michigan School of Public Health

Hospitals Today The University of Michigan Medical Center

Objectives Know the history of the development of hospitals in the USA Absence of planned growth The tragedy of the commons