Multiple Effect / Multiple Interaction Discussion Topics  How do we really simulate volumetric heating in LMs without distorting the experiment? Simulate the temperature gradients –Exploring ways to producing temperature gradients with only surface heating (H lamp, graphite, radiative) –Ideas beyond embedded heaters, in wall, FCI or flow –Do we need to do MHD simulations with immersion heaters to look at flow and transport distortion –Comment was made that a gamma source could do this. What kind of power is typical? Short attenuation in Pb –Induction heating, skin depth and unintentional stirring –Microwaves for ceramic breeder, in resonant cavity 1

Near term, volumetric heating and temperature gradient  Brainstorming session for near term expeirments 2

Multiple Effect / Multiple Interaction Discussion Topics  Morley emphasized thermofluid MHD aspects as one facility. Angel commented that effects of ionizing radiation is also important to transport e.g. surface effects –In US we have discussed some ideas for fission reactor tests as complementary (small flow loop into fission reactor) –What other options are available? Gamma source –Tritium/deuterium –Separate effect test to augment multi effect, SNL, ATR, HFIR, EU 3

Multiple Effect / Multiple Interaction Discussion Topics  Very near term thermofluid MHD experiments can be done in upgraded UCLA facility. –Brainstorming on heating methods for near term volumetric heat and temperature gradient simulation –More specific hardware needs and upgrade costs should be developed –Some hardware might be useful for both EU and US test facilties – recuperators, instrumentation  Study of next generation test strategy and facility –Strategy to do the experiments –Cost and capability tradeoffs 4

What are the principal challenges in simulating the fusion nuclear environment?  Nuclear heating in a large volume with strong gradients, not possible to reproduce in simulation facility. Use various techniques Embedded heaters in LM, on walls or in flow channel inserts. Must be careful about changing the flow, FCI behavior, etc. Integration into multiple experiments required Inlet temperature control (e.g. flow in hot, let cool)  Complex magnetic field with toroidal field / poloidal field fidelity or transient fields during disruptions Requires complex magnet systems, very important for LM blankets Or utilization of modules in long pulse confinement devices  Complex mockup configuration with prototypic size and scale Not possible in fission reactors 5 Can not bring together all conditions in one test or adequately simulate nuclear heating