Atlas Copco Compressors LLC Introduction – IT4 Scott Ellinger NOTES

EPA Tier 4 Regulations Focused on Reducing PM & NOx emissions Two-Phase Introduction: INTERIM & FINAL Focused on Reducing PM & NOx emissions Introduction Timing varies by HP Band US, Canada, EU & Japan will be Broadly Aligned

Construction and Ag - 2012 75 -751 HP Engines 2 4 4 2 4 3 2 Unregulated Tier 1 / Stage I Tier 2 / Stage II Tier 3 / Stage IIIA Tier 4 Interim / Stage IIIB Tier 4 Final / Stage IV

EPA Mobile Tier 4 Nonroad Standards (1) Compliance with optional ‘Option 1’ 0.30 g/kW-hr PM limit in 2008 allows 1-year delay of T4 until 2013. Option 1 engines in 2008 are T4i engines, not T3 engines.

Tier 4 Challenge Tier 4 Final brings a 90% reduction in emissions compared to Tier 3 Achieving near zero emissions by 2014 6.8 Tier 1 / Stage 1 (1996) Tier 1 / Stage 1 (1996) Representative of most stringent emission levels: 74-751 hp (56-560 kW) 4.8 NOx g/hp-hr Tier 2 / Stage II (2001) Tier 2 / Stage II (2001) 3.0 Tier 3 / Stage IIIA (2005) Tier 3 / Stage IIIA (2005) 45% lower 1.5 Tier 4 Interim / Stage IIIB (2011) 90% lower 0.3 Tier 4 Final / Stage IV (2014) 0.015 0.15 0.4 PM g/hp-hr 90% lower

Emissions & EPA Compliance

Achieving ‘Near-Zero’ Emissions Emissions from 25 x Tier 4 Final machines will be equivalent to just 1 x Tier 1 machine Cummins Confidential

Terms and Key Words – IT4 Applications Regeneration: The process of eliminating built up soot from the exhaust system Two types of Regeneration Active Regeneration: Using a hydrocarbon (fuel) to elevate exhaust gas temperatures above 1100 F in order to remove built up soot from the exhaust filter Passive (Natural) Regeneration: Using temperature alone to burn soot by elevated exhaust temperature Can be controlled by temperature management of the exhaust stream Can be achieved by maintaining exhaust gas temperature Can also be achieved by control valves that effect exhaust backpressure At some point Active Regeneration must be used

Terms and Key Words – DOC and DPF Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) Open cell substrate flow though device Reduces HC and CO significantly Reduces Pm 10 to 30% Converts NO to NO2 for passive regeneration of the DPF Oxidizes HC (diesel fuel) as part of active regeneration strategy No servicing required Requires use of low sulfur diesel or ULSD Typically element is ~100% of engine displacement in size

Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Wall flow, high filtration efficiency (>95%) Traps ash, soot and any particles Needs periodic regeneration / cleaning Periodic ash cleaning required No muffler required in the vast majority of applications

Regeneration Active Regeneration Particulate matter left in the filter system is burned off extending the lifetime of the filter. Uses a fuel burner in the exhaust stream that intermittently raises the temperature above 600°C (1112°F) Converts particulate matter to CO2 & Ash.

Terms and Key Words Soot Incomplete combustion of hyrdocarbons in the exhaust stream Can be purged from the DPF by re-generation Ash Incomplete combustion of some hydrocarbon by-products CANNOT be purged from the DPF by re-generation EPA Mandated that DPF must withstand 4500 hrs before ash cleaning is needed HPCR High pressure common rail fuel system System pressures up to 30,000 psi Allows mulitple injection events to take place reduce emmisions VGT Variable Geometry Turbocharger Inlet guide vanes can adjust to provide exact boost pressure to work in conjunction with the EGR

Terms and Key Words ULSD Low ash Engine oil Ultra low sulfur fuel (less than 15 ppm) Must be used on all IT4 machines Normal diesel fuel will kill an EGR and DOC within a few tank fulls Low ash Engine oil Must be used on all IT4 machines to reduce the formation of ash accumulating in the DPF CANbus – Method of communication between controllers or networks. All of Atlas Copco controllers use SAE J1939 Can communication

Emissions & EPA Compliance - EGR EGR: Exhaust Gas Recirculation Exhaust gases are cooled and injected back into the engine cylinders to reduce NOx. Result: Lower peak combustion temperature generates less NOx but more particulate matter Heat rejection to radiator increases

Interim Tier 4 PowerTech Plus Technology HC (fuel) Injection DOC DPF Exhaust Gas Cooled Air from Intercooler Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) Air Inlet EGR Cooler EGR Valve NOx reduction with additional cooled EGR – building on Tier 3 PT+ VGT turbocharger Larger EGR cooler and valve Hydrocarbon (HC) and some Particulate Matter (PM) control with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) Majority of PM reduction via Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) Active Regeneration System for DPF Compressed Air from Turbocharger

Regeneration Stratagy

DPF Regeneration ECU controls active regeneration Diesel fuel added to system for 10 minutes every 5 to10 hrs Raises temperature into DPF to ~600°C (~1112°F) Soot Level

Exhaust Filter Cleaning & Maintenance Designed for extended maintenance free operation but ash accumulation does occur. Minimum maintenance interval for ash removal, as defined by the EPA, is 4500 hours. This service interval can be increased depending on duty cycle DPF must be removed from unit and placed in specialized equipment for cleaning by a John Deere service technician. John Deere has set up a remanufactured filter program where the user buys a remanufactured filter & gives the core to the dealer/service center for cleaning.

DPF Information - Indicators

Exhaust Filter Cleaning & Maintenance Several ways to extend service intervals Reduce idle time Enable auto cleaning Operate in high load condition when possible Use only Ultra low sulfur diesel fuel Use only approved low ash oil

Other IT4 items Preheat is controlled by John Deere without any control or parts from our side Engine contains the relay, fuse, and all necessary wiring to the glow pugs Preheat timing amount is a function of the fuel temperature Timing is calculated by the engines ECU All exhaust piping is Stainless steel Exhaust piping wrapped with insulation Exhaust bellows can be leakage points and should be occasionally inspected for distortion

Contact Numbers Main Number Atlas Copco Technical Support 1-800-732-6762 Option 3 Clayton Jones - Hurricane Boosters/Compressors - Supervisor 1-216-643-6802 direct & 1-317-681-4602 mobile Andrew Stevenson – Compressors: Low Pressure 1-720-479-2486 direct & 1-404-751-6717 mobile Will Hudson – Generators/Compressors 1-800-732-6762 Ext. 12920 & 1-832-454-8123 mobile Andrew Calendar – Compressors: High Pressure 1-720-479-2487 direct & 1-404-242-6203 mobile Jon Monaco - Hydraulic Att./Handheld Tools 1-800-732-6762 Ext. 12929 & 1-216-816-5008 mobile Brandon Dyer – Compressors: Low Pressure/Hydraulic Att. 1-216-643-6807 direct & 1-216-219-2290 mobile Scott Ellinger – Compressors 1-720-479-2476 direct & 1-720-375-1795 mobile

Committed to Sustained Productivity. 25 NOTES