© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1 Communicating over the Network Network Fundamentals – Chapter 2

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 2 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Objectives  Describe the structure of a network, including the devices and media that are necessary for successful communications.  Explain the function of protocols in network communications.  Explain the advantages of using a layered model to describe network functionality.  Describe the role of each layer in two recognized network models: The TCP/IP model and the OSI model.  Describe the importance of addressing and naming schemes in network communications.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 3 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Structure  Define the elements of communication –3 common elements of communication message source - people, electronic device the channel – consist media that provide pathway message destination – the destination receives the message and interprets it  Network data or information networks capable of carrying many different types of communications

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 4 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Structure  Describe how messages are communicated Data is sent across a network in small “chunks” called segments

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 5 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Structure  Components of a network –Network components – Device & Media are the physical element on network hardware – laptop, PC, switch, router software – service & process are communication program

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 6 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Structure  End Devices and their Role in the Network –End devices form interface with human network & communications network - host –Example: PC, printer, VoIP phone, Camera, PDA Remote monitoring –Role of end devices: client – request information and service; and web pages server – host that are setup to store and share information host address is a unique physical address.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 7 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Structure  Intermediary device connect the individual host to network and can connect multiple individual network to form an internetwork –Role of an intermediary device Network access device – hub, switches and wireless Internetwork - router Communication server – wireless broadband Modem – connect user to server and network through telephone or cable Security device - firewall

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 8 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Structure  Network media -this is the channel over which a message travels  3 types  Copper – twister pair (UTP) – Electric pulse  Fiber optic – glass – light pulse  Wireless – connect through air – electromagnet waves

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 9 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Types  Network come in many sizes. Some of the basic different The size of the area covered The number of users connected The number and types of service available  3 different groups and extend geographic boundaries LAN WAN MAN

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 10 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Types  Local Area Networks (LANs) - A network serving a home, building or campus is considered a Local Area Network (LAN)

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 11 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Types  Wide Area Networks (WANs) - LANs separated by geographic distance are connected by a network known as a Wide Area Network (WAN)

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 12 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Types  Internetwork The internet is defined as a global mesh of interconnected networks

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 13 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Types  network representations

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 14 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Function of Protocol in Network Communication  The importance of protocols and how they are used to facilitate communication over data networks A protocol is a set of predetermined rules

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 15 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Function of Protocol in Network Communication  Explain network protocols Network protocols are used to allow devices to communicate successfully

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 16 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Function of Protocol in Network Communication  Protocol suites and industry standards A standard is a process or protocol that has been endorsed by the networking industry and ratified by a standards organization

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 17 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Function of Protocol in Network Communication  Define different protocols and how they interact

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 18 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Function of Protocol in Network Communication  Technology independent Protocols -Many diverse types of devices can communicate using the same sets of protocols. This is because protocols specify network functionality, not the underlying technology to support this functionality.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 19 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model  Explain the benefits of using a layered model –Benefits include assists in protocol design fosters competition changes in one layer do not affect other layers provides a common language

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 20 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model  Describe TCP/IP Mode

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 21 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model  Describe the Communication Process

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 22 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Protocol Data Unit and Encapsulation.  Process of adding control information (or header) as it passes through the layered model is called encapsulation.  Application data will travel uncorrupted from one host to another- contains control and addressing information.  De-pcapsulation: process of removing the extra information and sending only the original data up to the destination application layer.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 23 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model  Explain protocol data units (PDU) and encapsulation

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 24 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model  Describe the process of sending and receiving messages

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 25 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model  Explain protocol and reference models A protocol model provides a model that closely matches the structure of a particular protocol suite. A reference model provides a common reference for maintaining consistency within all types of network protocols and services.

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 26 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model  Define OSI

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 27 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model  Compare OSI and TCP/IP model

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 28 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Addressing and Naming Schemes  Explain how labels in encapsulation headers are used to manage communication in data networks

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 29 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Addressing and Naming Schemes  Describe examples of Ethernet MAC Addresses, IP Addresses, and TCP/UDP Port numbers

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 30 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Addressing and Naming Schemes  Explain how labels in encapsulation headers are used to manage communication in data networks

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 31 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Addressing and Naming Schemes  Describe how information in the encapsulation header is used to identify the source and destination processes for data communication

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 32 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Summary

ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 33 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public