Civilian Crisis Management Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) March 2015

EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) CSDP integral part of Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) Provide the EU with an operational capacity drawing on civilian and military assets (…) for missions outside the Union ….] Performance of these tasks undertaken using capabilities provided by the MS Decisions relating to the CSDP adopted by the Council acting unanimously on a proposal from the High Representative or an initiative from a MS [….] 1

Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) Supports the Civilian Operations Commander (CivOpsCdr), who is also CPCC Director Supports CSDP advance planning, contributes to CMC development Leads operational planning (CONOPS, OPLAN) and prepare draft mission budget in coordination with the Commission Once mission established, CivOpsCdr exercises Command and Control (24/7 duty of care for approx. 2660 staff) Conduct Missions at the operational level Issues instructions to HoM and provides advice and support (including on financial, personnel and logistical issues) 1

Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) Manages Force Generation for civilian CSDP missions Processes and presents reports to PSC and CIVCOM Develops and/or contribute to the operational guidelines and concepts/policies Coordinates with the other EEAS services and the Commission (synergies and comprehensive approach) as well as with EU MS, Third States and key IOs (NATO, UN, OSCE, AU, FSJ, Europol, Interpol, EGF, Frontex) 1

/ CIVILIAN OPERATIONS COMMANDER Around 75 staff: Officials SNEs ASTs HR VP CPCC DIRECTOR / CIVILIAN OPERATIONS COMMANDER DEPUTY / CHIEF OF STAFF CONDUCT OF OPERATIONS MISSION SUPPORT EUROPE HORIZONTAL EULEX Kosovo Coordination & Resources EUMM Georgia HUMAN RESOURCES Mission Security Coordinator EUAM Ukraine OPORATIONAL PLANNING AFRICA PROCUREMENT, FINANCE, LEGAL, LOGISTICS OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY EUCAP Nestor EUBAM Libya EUCAP Sahel Niger EUCAP Sahel Mali ASIA / MIDDLE EAST EUPOL Afghanistan EUPOL COPPS / EUBAM Rafah

Civilian CSDP Missions 10 on-going Missions (2 new launched in 2014) Areas: rule of law, police training, customs, piracy, border management, security sector reform, support to humanitarian aid Civilian CSDP missions established in order to: Respond to those crisis and promote peace Support the stabilisation of post-conflict societies Strengthen the RoL and security sector according tong to democratic principles 1

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EULEX KOSOVO Duration: launched in 2008, mandate extended until 14 June 2016. Strength: 800 internationals (mainly police, judges, prosecutors, customs and administration professionals) and 800 local staff. Third contributing states: Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, Canada and US. Mandate: to monitor, mentor and advise local authorities with regard to police, justice and customs, while retaining executive responsibilities in specific areas of competence (organised crime, war crimes, inter-ethnic crime, public order as second security responder, etc.). Tasks: Acting as second security responder (primarily riot control) when local police is unable/unwilling to handle the level of violence (with 4 IPUs) Fight against war crime, organised crime and corruption (with own pool of police investigators, prosecutors and judges) + SITF Support Rule of Law reforms by local authorities to ensure the sustainability of its efforts through Monitoring, mentoring and advising.

EUMM GEORGIA Duration: launched in 2008, current mandate until 14 December 2016. Strength: 270 internationals and 130 local staff. Intention to reduce to 210 international staff by August. Mission HQ in Tbilisi and Field Offices in Gori, Mtskheta and Zugdidi. Mandate: to provide civilian monitoring of Parties' actions, including full compliance with the Six-Point Agreement between Russia, EU and Georgia and its implementing measures throughout Georgia, in order to contribute to stabilization, normalization and confidence building.

EUAM Ukraine Duration: launched on 1 December 2014; current mandate until 30 Nov 2016. Strength: currently deployed 54 international staff Mandate: the EU Advisory Mission for Civilian Security Sector Reform Ukraine (an unarmed, non-executive civilian mission) assists Ukrainian authorities by providing strategic advice for the development of effective, sustainable and accountable security services that contribute to strengthening the rule of law in Ukraine, for the benefit of all Ukrainian citizens throughout the country. The EU strategic objective is to create the conditions that would allow a stabilised security situation, re-establishment of the primacy of the rule of law and enhancement of Ukrainian authorities' capacity to ensure adequate and democratic governance of institutions in charge of internal security.

EUPOL AFGHANISTAN Duration: launched in 2007, mandate extended until 31 December 2016. Strength: 210 internationals (mainly police, law enforcement and justice experts) and 180 local staff. Mission deployed in Kabul and two provinces (Mazar-e Sharif and Herat). Mandate: to contribute to the establishment of sustainable and effective civilian policing arrangements under Afghan ownership and in accordance with international standards + link with criminal justice sector Tasks: monitor, mentor, advise and support the training at the level of the Afghan Ministry of Interior, Afghan National Police, MoJ, AGO (in Kabul and in two provinces), mainly on Civilian Community and Anti-Crime Police.

EUPOL COPPS Duration: launched in 2006, current mandate until 30 June 2015. Strength: 62 internationals (police officers, judicial officials, development advisors) and 43 local staff. Canada and Norway contribute. Mandate: to contribute to the establishment of sustainable and effective policing arrangements under Palestinian ownership in accordance with international standards Tasks: Advise and mentor the Palestinian Civil Police, and specifically senior officials at District and Headquarters level; advise MoI on reforms. Co-ordinate and facilitate EU Member State assistance, and - where requested - international assistance to the Palestinian Civil Police; Advise on police-related Criminal Justice elements.

EUBAM RAFAH Duration: launched in 2005, current mandate extended until June 2015 (action currently suspended) Strength: 4 internationals, 3 locals Location: Rafah border crossing between Gaza and Egypt Mandate: to monitor, verify and evaluate the performance of the PA border control, security and customs officials working at the Terminal; to contribute to Palestinian capacity building; to contribute to the liaison between the Palestinian, Israeli and Egyptian authorities regarding the Rafah Crossing Point.

EUCAP NESTOR Duration: launched in 2012, mandate extended until Dec 2016 Strength: 83 international staff Mandate: to assist the development in the Horn of Africa and the Western Indian Ocean States of a self-sustainable capacity for continued enhancement of their maritime security, including counter-piracy, and maritime governance. EUCAP Nestor is an integral part of the EU engagement in the Horn of Africa, in particular in the fight against piracy. Mission headquarters is in Djibouti with offices in Somalia, Kenya, Djibouti, Seychelles and Tanzania (liaison office).

EUCAP Sahel Niger Duration: launched in July 2012, mandate until July 2016. Strength: 46 international staff and 31 local staff. Mandate: to contribute to the development of an integrated, multidisciplinary, coherent, sustainable, and human rights-based approach among the various Nigerien security actors (the Police, Gendarmerie, National Guard, Armed forces) in the fight against terrorism and organised crime. Mission plays a key role in the coordination of donor efforts in the Security sector.

EUCAP Sahel Mali Duration: established in April 2014, current mandate until 14 January 2017. Strength: 50 international staff deployed, recruitment ongoing. Mandate: to support and advice Malian Internal security forces on how to implement the security sector reform as determined by Malian Government. Complementary to EUTM Mali, the mission supports the restructuration of the Police, Gendarmerie and Garde Nationale with a view to help the Malian authorities in ensuring constitutional and democratic order and the conditions for lasting peace through a combination of training activities and the provision of strategic advice.

EUBAM LIBYA Duration : launched in May 2013, mandate until 21 May 2015. Strength : currently 3 internationals (after downsizing). Mandate : to support Libyan authorities to develop capacity for enhancing the security of their land, sea and air borders in the short term and to develop a broader Integrated Border Management (IBM) strategy in the long term Mission relocated to Tunis since July 2014 due to deteriorating security situation.

Diversification of civilian CSDP “The more complex the challenges we face, the more flexible we must be” (ESS) Civilian CSDP approach : strengthening / executive Evolution of EU action from classical MMA to multi-faceted missions Police reform, RoL reform Monitoring SSR New areas (aviation security, maritime capacity building, CT)

Conditions for success and challenges Planning – scope of action and level of ambition Availability of EU MS capabilities Differences of interest amongst the 28 EU MS External pressure/public expectations Local buy-in and ownership Local absorption capacity Equipment and infrastructure 20

Conditions for success and challenges Security conditions Co-ordination with others & comprehensive approach within EU (Missions, EC, EUSR, EU MS) => EEAS added value with IC partners (NATO, UN, USA, AU, etc) Mission Support Constraints Force Generation – Quality & Quantity – Financial crisis Commission funding/ procurement (double chain of command) Security: Force Protection, Accommodation, Transport Requires a mid- to long-term effort End State – how to measure success Exit strategy and follow-on action 21

Conclusions CSDP is unique Our strength is STRENGHTENING and Peer to Peer Mandates have evolved vertically and substantially CSDP needs to be part of a bigger picture Capacity building is a long-term effort