Clinical laboratory diagnostics of hemoblastosis

Leukemia definition Leukemia – it is tumor arising from bloodforming cells and primary lesion bone marrow Leukemia – it is tumor arising from bloodforming cells and primary lesion bone marrow

Classification of leukemias Acute leukemias Acute leukemias myeloblastic myeloblastic lymphoblastic lymphoblastic Chronical leukemias Chronical leukemias myeloid myeloid lynphoid lynphoid

Acute myeloblastic leukemias Undifferentiated Undifferentiated Myeloblastic without maturing Myeloblastic without maturing Myeloblastic with maturing Myeloblastic with maturing Promyelocytic Promyelocytic Myelomonoblastic Myelomonoblastic Monoblastic Monoblastic Erythroblastic Erythroblastic Megacaryoblastic Megacaryoblastic

Histochemical signs of differentiation of acute leukemias 1. Reaction for peroxidase 1. Reaction for peroxidase 2. Reaction for acidity phosphatase 2. Reaction for acidity phosphatase 3. Reaction for uncpecific esterases 3. Reaction for uncpecific esterases 4. Reaction for lipides 4. Reaction for lipides 5. Reaction for compoud carbohydrates 5. Reaction for compoud carbohydrates

Causes of development of iron- deficiency states: Blood loss Blood loss Vegetarians Vegetarians Prolonged achlorhydria Prolonged achlorhydria Extensive surgical removal of the proximal small bowel or chronic diseases, such as pancreatitis, enteritis. Extensive surgical removal of the proximal small bowel or chronic diseases, such as pancreatitis, enteritis. Increased iron requirement: Increased iron requirement: From birth to age 2 and during adolescence During pregnancy and lactation

Reaction of myeloblastes and other of neutrophil cells for peroxidase

Reaction of monoblastes for α-naphtylacetateestherase

Reaction of myeloblastes and monoblastes for acidity phosphatase

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia - blood

Acute В-lymphoblastosis – bone marrow Big vacuolized lymphoblastes

Laboratory methods The World Health Organization's criterion for anemia in adults is Hb values less than 12.5 g/dL. Usually, US values are slightly higher. Anemia is suggested in males with Hb levels less than 13.5 g/dL and in females with Hb levels less than 12.5 g/dL.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia – bone marrrow

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia – bone marrrow. Initial stage.

Acute lymphoblastosis – bone marrow. Total lymphoblastic metaplasia

Chronic myelogenous (or myeloid) leukemia (CML), also known as chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), is a cancer of the white blood cells. It is a form of leukemia characterized by the increased and unregulated growth of predominantly myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of these cells in the blood. Chronic myelogenous (or myeloid) leukemia (CML), also known as chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), is a cancer of the white blood cells. It is a form of leukemia characterized by the increased and unregulated growth of predominantly myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of these cells in the blood.

Chronical myeloid leukemias Myelocytic Myelocytic Monocytic Monocytic Eosinophilic Eosinophilic Erythroblastic Erythroblastic Megacaryocytic Megacaryocytic

Chronical myelocytic leukemia – blood. Chronical phase

Chronical myelocytic leukemia – blood.

Chronical myelocytic leukemia – blood Stage of blastic crisis

Chronical lymphoid leukemias В-lymphocytic В-lymphocytic Т- lymphocytic (1,5 %) Т- lymphocytic (1,5 %) Haircell Haircell

Chronical В-cell lymphocytic leukemia - blood

Chronical lymphocytic leukemia – blood. Gumprecht’s bodies.

Chronical lymphocytic leukemia – bone marrow. Total lymphoid metaplasia.

Chronical haircell leukemia - blood

Haircell leukemia - blood. Reaction for acidity phosphatase

Chronical monocytic leukemia - blood

Mechanisms of cellular oncogenes activating Point mutations Point mutations Chromosomal abnormalities Chromosomal abnormalities Virual transduction Virual transduction Insertion mutagenesis Insertion mutagenesis Genes amplification Genes amplification

Clinical manifestation of leukemia Metaplastic anemia Metaplastic anemia Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia Hemorrhagic syndrome Hemorrhagic syndrome Secondary immunedeficiency Secondary immunedeficiency Decrease of resistance Decrease of resistance

Thank for your attention! Thank for your attention!