Judging Swine Developed by: Richard Coffey, Extension Swine Specialist, University of Kentucky Kevin Laurent, Extension Associate, University of Kentucky Warren Beeler, Kentucky Department of Agriculture Edited for Georgia by Frank B. Flanders Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Office March 2002

Slide 1 Steps to Judging Swine 1. Evaluate animals from the ground up and from the butt (rear) forward 2. Rank the traits for their importance 3. Evaluate the most important traits first 4. Eliminate any easy placings in the class 5. Place the class based on the volume of the important traits

Ranking of Traits for Market Hogs Slide 2 Ranking of Traits for Market Hogs 1. Degree of muscling 2. Growth 3. Capacity or volume 4. Degree of leanness 5. Structure and soundness

Ranking of Traits for Maternal Line Breeding Gilts Slide 3 1. Structure and soundness 2. Growth 3. Underline quality 4. Capacity or volume 5. Degree of muscling 6. Degree of leanness

Ranking of Traits for Terminal Line Breeding Gilts Slide 4 1. Structure and soundness 2. Degree of muscling 3. Growth 4. Capacity or volume 5. Degree of leanness 6. Underline quality

Evaluating Degree of Muscling Slide 5 Evaluating Degree of Muscling 1. Thickness through the center of the hams (stifle area) 2. Width between the rear feet when the pig walks and stands 3. Shape over the loin (top) - butterfly shape is desired

Evaluating Degree of Muscling - Center Width of Hams - Slide 6 Too narrow Good width

Evaluating Degree of Muscling - Width Between Rear Feet - Slide 7 Too narrow Good width

Evaluating Degree of Muscling - Shape of Top - Slide 8 Great top shape Fat top alert Pork chop

Slide 9 Evaluating Growth 1. Unless instructed otherwise, assume all animals in the class are the same age 2. Evaluate growth based on weight (pounds) 3. Rank animals from heaviest to lightest (heaviest pig = fastest growth)

Evaluating Capacity or Volume Slide 10 Evaluating Capacity or Volume Capacity (volume) is determined by four factors: 1. Width through rib and chest 2. Depth of body 3. Length of body 4. Balance - how well does the animal=s width, depth, and length fit together)

Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Width - Slide 11 1. Pigs with good width will be wide based # Walk wide in front and rear # Good width through the chest 2. The top-1/3 and bottom-1/3 should be the same width, and the middle-1/3 should be wider # Good spring of rib

Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Width - Slide 12 Too narrow Nice width

Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Width - Slide 13 Wide chested

Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Depth of Body - Slide 14 Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Depth of Body - Depth of body is important for: 1. Capacity for feeding (market hogs) # Good ability to eat and grow 2. Capacity for reproduction (breeding hogs) # Ability to carry large litters

Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Depth of Body - Slide 15 Shallow rear flank Too deep rear flank

Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Depth of Body - Slide 16 Uniform depth

Evaluating Capacity or Volume - Length of Body - Slide 17 Length is evaluated as the distance from flank to flank Too short Long bodied

Evaluating Degree of Leanness Slide 18 Evaluating Degree of Leanness 1. Degree of leanness is influenced by # Degree of muscling # Frame size of the pig # Sex of the pig # Age and weight of the pig 2. Fat is deposited from the front to the rear # Checks/Jowls º Behind Shoulders º Flanks º Tailhead

Evaluating Degree of Leanness Slide 19 Evaluating Degree of Leanness 3. Leanness can be determined by identations in the following areas: # Over and behind the shoulders # Ham-loin junction # Dimple just in front of tailhead 4. Key points to remember: # Muscle is hard, fat is soft # Muscle is firm, fat is loose

Evaluating Degree of Leanness Slide 20 Evaluating Degree of Leanness Fat Alerts Smooth at ham- loin junction Smooth over shoulder Smooth over back Loose in flanks Wasty jowl and cheeks Wasty tailhead Loose in crotch

Evaluating Degree of Leanness Slide 21 Evaluating Degree of Leanness Lean Machine Clean over loin Well defined ham- loin junction Clean over shoulder Clean and firm in crotch Clean and firm in flanks

Evaluating Structure and Soundness Slide 22 Evaluating Structure and Soundness When evaluating structure and soundness, attention should be given to the following areas: 1. Feet and pasterns 2. Hocks 3. Knees 4. Rump 5. Shoulder

Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Feet and Pasterns - Slide 23 Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Feet and Pasterns - Too much set to pasterns Feet turned out

Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Feet and Pasterns - Slide 24 Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Feet and Pasterns - Good set to pasterns and good feet

Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Hocks - Slide 25 Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Hocks - Too straight in hocks Swollen hocks

Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Hocks - Slide 26 Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Hocks - Good set and curvature to hocks

Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Knees - Slide 27 Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Knees - Extreme set to knees Bucked-over at knees

Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Knees - Slide 28 Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Knees - Good set to knees

Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Rump - Slide 29 Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Rump - Too steep in rump Nasty Rump

Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Rump - Slide 30 Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Rump - Good level rump

Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Shoulders - Slide 31 Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Shoulders - Too straight in shoulder Crash

Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Shoulders - Slide 32 Evaluating Structure and Soundness - Shoulders - Excellent slope and set to shoulder

Evaluating Underline Quality Slide 33 Evaluating Underline Quality A good underline will consist of the following: 1. Both rows of teats easily accessible 2. Six to seven teats per side 3. Teats evenly spaced 4. Pencil eraser sized teats 5. Free from pin, blind, and inverted nipples

Example Market Hog Class I Slide 34 Example Market Hog Class I

Slide 35 1 2 3 4 Official Placing: 3 - 1 - 2 - 4 Cuts: 4 - 5 - 5

Example Market Hog Class II Slide 36 Example Market Hog Class II

Slide 37 1 2 3 4 Official Placing: 2 - 1 - 3 - 4 Cuts: 2 - 4 - 6

BREEDS OF SWINE NINE MOST POPULAR BREEDS IN THE U.S. Berkshire Chester Duroc Hampshire Landrace Pietrain Poland China Spot Yorkshire

BERKSHIRE BREED CHARACTERISTICS *All black body with six white points *Erect ears BENEFITS *Known as a “Terminal Breed” *Growth and muscle *Durable and rugged *Marbling quality

CHESTER BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS All white body Short thick ears flopping forward BENEFITS Known as a “Dual purpose Breed” Growth Durable and rugged

DUROC BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS All red body Short ears flopping forward BENEFITS Known as a “Terminal Breed” Grow extremely fast Durable and rugged

HAMPSHIRE BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS *Black body with a white belt * Erect ears BENEFITS *Known as a “Terminal Breed” * Heavy muscled and lean *Carcass merit

LANDRACE BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS *All white body * Long thin ears flopping forward BENEFITS *Maternal breed-known for mothering *Known for length of body * One extra rib

PIETRAIN BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS Spotted body-3/4 white 1/4 black. Ears floppy, slightly tipped forward. BENEFITS Known as a”Terminal Breed” Extreme Muscle and Leanness Carcass oriented

POLAND CHINA BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS * All black body with six white points * Erect Ears BENEFITS *Known as a“Terminal Breed” *Growth *Durable and rugged *Marbling quality

SPOT BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS *Body covered with black and white spots *Ears flopping forward BENEFITS *Known as a “Terminal Breed” *Growth and leanness *Durable and rugged

YORKSHIRE BREED CHARACTERISTICS BENEFITS *All white body * Erect ears *Maternal Breed-known as the “Mother Breed” *Known also as a “Dual purpose breed” *Leanness and muscle

KNOWLEDGE QUIZ Name the nine most popular breeds in the United States? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

KNOWLEDGE QUIZ NAME THE THREE BREEDS KNOWN FOR MOTHERING? 1 2 3 NAME THE TWO BREEDS KNOWN AS DUAL PURPOSE BREEDS?

KNOWLEDGE QUIZ NAME THE SIX BREEDS KNOWN AS TERMINAL SIRES? 1 2 3 4 5 6

KNOWLEDGE QUIZ NAME THE BREED THAT HAS A BLACK BODY, WHITE BELT AND ERECT EARS? 1 NAME THE BREED THAT HAS A ALL RED BODY WITH SHORT EARS FLOPPING FORWARD? NAME THE BREED THAT HAS A BLACK BODY, SIX WHITE POINTS AND ERECT EARS?