U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Geospatial Infrastructure Development: Task 7 - Digital Elevation Modeling/Topographic Data FY 06 Project Planning Meeting Reston, VA July 12-13, 2005 by Pete Chirico

Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Reston, July 12-13, m SRTM 30m SRTM 5m DEM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING TASK: OBJECTIVE Applications for which absolute* (not relative) DEMs are important: Medium horizontal resolution: 90m -30m  Geologic Mapping and Interpretation  Satellite Imagery Terrain Correction High horizontal resolution: 30m – 5m  Hydrological Applications  Geohazard Modeling Very-high horizontal resolution: 5m - 1m  Infrastructure Site Selection and Engineering  Urban Applications * absolute DEMs are tied to a vertical datum on the ground Develop publicly releasable digital elevation models (DEMs) and associated topographic data at multiple resolutions from multiple sources to support USGS, USAID, and Afghan Ministries Reconstruction Projects

Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Reston, July 12-13, 2005 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING TASK: REVIEW OF FY05 GOALS  Geo-rectified Russian Topographic Maps 1:200,000 Scale 1:50,000 Scale  SRTM DEM Covering all of Afghanistan (no gaps) 85m horizontal resolution  30m ASTER DEMs Regional Areas of Interest – Approximately 50 ASTER Scenes  5-10m DEMs from Commercial Stereo Imagery Regional Areas of Interest – approximately 5 Areas with 3-5m horizontal resolution  Very-High Resolution DEM from NTM data Kabul  Topographic Map and Shaded Relief Map of Afghanistan  Completed and Delivered Data Series Publication in Review  Completed and Delivered Data Series Publication in Review  Preliminary Version Complete for 50 ASTER scenes  Study Area Selected – to commence in FY06  In progress  Map Prep for SI Report in Progress Products Status

Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Reston, July 12-13, 2005 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING TASK: FY06 GOALS  30m ASTER DEMs Regional Areas of Interest  5m DEM from Commercial Stereo Imagery Kabul Basin and Hi-res GPS survey Other study areas needed?  Very-High Resolution DEM from NTM data Kabul  Larger Scale Topographic/Cultural Base Data?  Larger Scale Image Base Data?  Airborne Geophysics Air-photo Ortho-products  Geospatial Technology Handbook  50 ASTER Scenes developed  Additional 100 Scenes In Progress  Planned  In Progress  Planned  Working with? NGA for Ikonos or CIB data  Determine Need  Planned Products Status

Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Reston, July 12-13, 2005 ASTER 30m DEMS: Current Status – Preliminary DEM Completed

Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Reston, July 12-13, 2005 DEM COMPARISON: 90m SRTM vs. ASTER 30m Example showing 90m SRTM at maximum resolution and newly developed unfiltered 30m ASTER DEM.

Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Reston, July 12-13, 2005 ASTER DEMS: ASTER Stereo Collection Methodology Diagram showing ASTER along- track stereo collection methodology used in development of digital elevation models (DEMs). Schematic diagram showing ASTER stereo data collection process.

Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Reston, July 12-13, 2005 ASTER DEMS: Progressive Morphological Filter Development A A’ Low stereo auto- correlation results in “pits and spikes” throughout ASTER DEM. A progressive morphological filter was developed and applied to edit these values while leaving the remainder of the DEM alone.

Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Reston, July 12-13, 2005 ASTER DEMS: Progressive Morphological Filter Development

Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Reston, July 12-13, 2005 ASTER DEMS: Current Status and Planned Activity

Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Reston, July 12-13, m DEM from Stereo Imagery for Kabul Basin  Footprint of Kabul Basin as target for 5m horizontal resolution DEM. 5m DEM to be used for large scale reconstruction and development planning.  Stereo Imagery from SPOT imagery which offers 60km x 60km scene size at 2.5m resolution. DEMs derived from this stereo data can be produced at 5m with GPS ground control. Ortho-photos at 2.5m resolution would also be produced for the area.  Acquire high-resolution GPS survey in conjunction with AGCHO for Kabul Basin Area as GPS OTJ training. Need to determine feasibility of GPS work and timing.  Very-High Resolution DEM from NTM data of Kabul. Experimental process to develop methodology to develop <5m DEM data for specific study sites. This is in progress with preliminary DEM developed. Continuation of methodology development and refinement of this process for larger areas – rapidly.

Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Reston, July 12-13, 2005 ADDITIONAL TOPOGRAPIC DATA NEEDS: Planned Activities  Larger Scale Topographic/Cultural Base Data Develop more accurate and larger scale topographic data including roads and populated places  Larger Scale Image Base Data Continue efforts to acquire commercial imagery database or CIB data from NGA. Data to be used for assessments and as image registration base.  Airborne Geophysics Air-photo Ortho-products Develop ortho-rectified imagery as base data for new topographic mapping. Purchase equipment and train AGCHO personnel in ortho-rectification for topographic mapping

Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Reston, July 12-13, 2005 TRAINING: Planned Activity - Study Tour, Handbook, GPS  Host a Study Tour for several senior level AGCHO/AGS/MMI administrators to the US. Study tour would provide examples of geospatial technology use and applications in USGS, County cadastral and planning agencies, and private industry and demonstrate the relationship of federal, State and private industry in geospatial technology.  Develop a Geospatial Technology Handbook that would briefly describe the basic concepts in geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS), global positioning systems (GPS), and surveying mapping techniques (with lots of diagrams and pictures). This handbook would be translated into Dari and printed in both English and Dari and distributed as widely as possible to present basic geospatial concepts to all scientists and technicians regardless of their English or computer skills.  High resolution GPS ground control survey trip in the Kabul Basin for the development of HR DEM would be completed as a GPS OTJ training for AGCHO personnel.  Equipment and training for AGCHO personnel in photogrammetry for ortho-photo production.

Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Reston, July 12-13, 2005 BUDGET: Proposed for FY06 Cost + 49% Total Assessment  Salary 227,000  Training 70,000  Travel 36,000  Equipment, Software120,000  Sub-Total453,000  Ortho-photo Production147,000  Total600,000